Observational studyEndocrine2023
Phthalates, physical activity, and diet, which are the most strongly associated with obesity? A case-control study of Chinese children.
Observational study in Endocrine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05622513 (the Association Between Phthalate Esters and Childhood Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
the Association Between Phthalate Esters and Childhood Obesity
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic Mechanisms in Childhood Obesity.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Hidden link between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pediatric obesity.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Evaluating Phthalates and Bisphenol in Foods: Risks for Precocious Puberty and Early-Onset Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePhthalate esters have been a research hotspot recently owing to potential obesogenic activity, but conflicting results have been reported. This case-control study was designed to investigate whether there was an association between phthalate metabolites and childhood obesity in China.
methodsA total of 240 pairs of obese/overweight children and age- (±3 months) and gender-matched controls were recruited. Nine phthalate metabolites were analyzed in the first morning urine sample. Physical activity and dietary intake were recorded using validated questionnaires.
resultsIn monofactor analysis, the levels of monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and monobutyl phthalate (MnBP) in controls were significantly higher than those of overweight/obese children (p < 0.05). Moderate physical activity (p = 0.004), consumption of vegetables, fruits, and tonic were significantly higher in controls (all p < 0.05), and consumption of fried food, western fast food, carbonated drinks, and juice were higher in cases (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for physical activity and dietary intake, neither MMP [OR = 0.825, (95% CI: 0.559-1.217)] nor MnBP [(OR = 0.808, 95% CI: 0.556-1.176)], were significantly associated with obesity. In all models, moderate physical activity was negatively associated and high glucose high fat dietary patterns were positively associated with the risk of childhood obesity (p < 0.01).
conclusionDiet and physical activity, but not phthalate metabolites were associated with childhood obesity. Further studies are needed to verify our findings. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05622513.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.