ReviewJournal of nephrology2023
Hydroxychloroquine in nephrology: current status and future directions.
Review in Journal of nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of hydroxychloroquine in primary glomerular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances and unmet needs in the management of proliferative lupus nephritis: evidence, guidelines, and emerging therapies.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Management of IgA nephropathy and the expanding role of immunomodulation.Kidney international supplements · 2026Review
- Hydroxychloroquine-induced renal phospholipidosis manifesting as proximal tubulopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Distinct Interferon and Intracellular Signaling Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis by Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Steroid-Refractory Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia (COP) in a Patient With Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) Deficiency.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Use of hydroxychloroquine to treat patients with IgA nephropathy and time to accelerated glucocorticoid tapering.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- The Interplay Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Kidney Disease: From Mechanisms to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Role of antimalarials in lupus nephritis: a narrative review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the mechanism of proteinuria reduction by hydroxychloroquine in IgA nephropathy using network pharmacology and molecular mocking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Late-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- Network Pharmacological Analysis of Hydroxychloroquine Intervention in the Treatment of Iga Nephropathy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Refining lupus management: a comprehensive review of HCQ blood levels.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2025Review
- Multi-omics integration identifies NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity as a therapeutic target in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Ellipsoid Zone Hyporeflectivity as an Early Sign of Non-Reversible Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Case Series.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Utility and Gaps.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Harnessing T-cell therapy for lupus nephritis: Opportunities and challenges.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine is one of the oldest disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in clinical use. The drug interferes with lysosomal activity and antigen presentation, inhibits autophagy, and decreases transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Owing to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic effect, hydroxychloroquine has been an integral part of therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis for several decades. The therapeutic versatility of hydroxychloroquine has led to repurposing it for other clinical conditions, with recent studies showing reduction in proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. Research is also underway to investigate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in primary membranous nephropathy, Alport's syndrome, systemic vasculitis, anti-GBM disease, acute kidney injury and for cardiovascular risk reduction in chronic kidney disease. Hydroxychloroquine is well-tolerated, inexpensive, and widely available and therefore, should its indications expand in the future, it would certainly be welcomed. However, clinicians should be aware of the risk of irreversible and progressive retinal toxicity and rarely, cardiomyopathy. Monitoring hydroxychloroquine levels in blood appears to be a promising tool to evaluate compliance, individualize the dose and reduce the risk of retinal toxicity, although this is not yet standard clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the existing knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine, its utility in lupus nephritis and other kidney diseases, the main adverse effects and the evidence gaps that need to be addressed in future research. Created with Biorender.com. HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; mDC, myeloid dendritic cell; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TLR, toll-like receptor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.