SynthesisHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2023
Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at vaccination: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing adolescent vaccination in publicly funded national immunization programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of the literature.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive evaluation of prophylactic HPV vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in males and females.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness by age at vaccination: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Factors affecting caregivers' HPV vaccination decisions for adolescent girls: A secondary analysis of a Chinese RCT.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Population-level prevalence and risk of oral HPV infection with or without HPV vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- A phylogeny-informed mathematical modeling of HPAI H5N1 transmission dynamics and effectiveness of control measures.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against high-risk type HPV DNA positivity among adult women aged 18 - 45years in China: A matched test-negative design study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- An Analysis of Multilevel Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake Among Rural U.S. Adolescents.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Integrating Cervical Cancer Prevention into HIV Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review Addressing the Dual Burden Among Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- Knowledge, Awareness, and Willingness Toward the HPV Vaccine Among Medical Students at Qassim University: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Unmet Social Needs and HPV Vaccination Among Parents and Children Residing in a Major Metropolitan Area.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Population-level impact of quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional study.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Resilience to HPV vaccine safety scares in seven countries.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics in three United States cities, 2018-2024.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Is It Time to Reassess the Target Age of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Globally?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Hyperspectral Imaging of Whole-Cell Region for Differentiating Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Cytology.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Extended follow-up of invasive cervical cancer risk after quadrivalent HPV vaccination: nationwide, register based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Awareness is inadequate among high school children about the hepatitis B virus infection in India.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines work by preventing infections prior to natural exposure. Thus, it is likely more effective at younger ages, and it is important to understand how effectiveness might be diminished when administered at older ages. We conducted a systematic review of HPV vaccine effectiveness studies published between 2007 and 2022 that included an analysis of effectiveness against vaccine-type HPV infections, anogenital warts, cervical abnormalities and cervical cancer by age at vaccine initiation or completion. Searching multiple databases, 21 studies were included and results were summarized descriptively. Seventeen studies found the highest vaccine effectiveness in the youngest age group. Vaccine effectiveness estimates for younger adolescents ages 9-14 years ranged from approximately 74% to 93% and from 12% to 90% for adolescents ages 15-18 years. These results demonstrate that the HPV vaccine is most effective against HPV-related disease outcomes when given at younger ages, emphasizing the importance of on-time vaccination.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.