ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Thymus-derived hormonal and cellular control of cancer.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of thymosin combined with anticancer therapy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Thymulin restrains age-associated myeloid inflammation and enhances cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Zerumbone mediated CD1d inhibition suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Mechanism and intervention strategy of thymus atrophy in cancer immunotherapy.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- The Effect of Combination of Chemotherapy with Photodynamic Therapy and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer on the Structure of the Thymus.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Redox-Immune Axis and Ozone Pollution: From Oxidative Stress to Thymic Involution and Neurodegeneration.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- BM-MSC-derived migrasomes reverse stroke-induced thymic atrophy and immunosuppression via Pin1 delivery to thymic epithelial cells.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Perspectives on the Parathyroid-Thymus Interconnection-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Divergent immediate and delayed effects of juvenile exposure to doxorubicin on the thymus in C57BL/6 mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enigmatic thymus: Variations in anatomical localisation of thymic tissue as an easily misdiagnosed congenital anomaly in surgical practice.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thymus gland is a central lymphoid organ in which developing T cell precursors, known as thymocytes, undergo differentiation into distinct type of mature T cells, ultimately migrating to the periphery where they exert specialized effector functions and orchestrate the immune responses against tumor cells, pathogens and self-antigens. The mechanisms supporting intrathymic T cell differentiation are pleiotropically regulated by thymic peptide hormones and cytokines produced by stromal cells in the thymic microenvironment and developing thymocytes. Interestingly, in the same way as T cells, thymic hormones (herein exemplified by thymosin, thymulin and thymopoietin), can circulate to impact immune cells and other cellular components in the periphery. Evidence on how thymic function influences tumor cell biology and response of patients with cancer to therapies remains unsatisfactory, although there has been some improvement in the knowledge provided by recent studies. Herein, we summarize research progression in the field of thymus-mediated immunoendocrine control of cancer, providing insights into how manipulation of the thymic microenvironment can influence treatment outcomes, including clinical responses and adverse effects of therapies. We review data obtained from clinical and preclinical cancer research to evidence the complexity of immunoendocrine interactions underpinning anti-tumor immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.