ReviewJournal of separation science2023
Ultralow flow liquid chromatography and related approaches: A focus on recent bioanalytical applications.
Review in Journal of separation science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ultra-Sensitive Bioanalytical Separations Using a New 4-Tritylphenyl Methacrylate-Based Monolithic Nano-Column with an Inner Diameter of 20 µm for Nano-LC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Top-Down Proteomic Analysis of Limited Samples Using Porous Layer Open Tubular Columns and High-Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ultralow flow LC employs ultra-narrow bore columns and mid-range pL/min to low nL/min flow rates (i.e., ≤20 nL/min). The separation columns that are used under these conditions are typically 2-30 μm in inner diameter. Ultralow flow LC systems allow for exceptionally high sensitivity and frequently high resolution. There has been an increasing interest in the analysis of scarce biological samples, for example, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, organelles, and single cells, and ultralow flow LC was efficiently applied to such samples. Hence, advances towards dedicated ultralow flow LC instrumentation, technical approaches, and higher throughput (e.g., tens-to-hundreds of single cells analyzed per day) were recently made. Here, we review the types of ultralow flow LC technology, followed by a discussion of selected representative ultralow flow LC applications, focusing on the progress made in bioanalysis of amount-limited samples during the last 10 years. We also discuss several recently reported high-sensitivity applications utilizing flow rates up to 100 nL/min, which are below commonly used nanoLC flow rates. Finally, we discuss the path forward for future developments of ultralow flow LC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.