ArticleBMC nutrition2023
Effects of the level of household access to water, sanitation and hygiene on the nutritional status of children under five, Benin.
Article in BMC nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The association between anthropometric failure and zinc deficiency among preschool-age children in rural Sidama region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Household water, sanitation, and hygiene access and its impact on nutritional outcomes in children under five: evidence from Pakistan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Associated factors with malnutrition among children under-5 years old in Somaliland: evidence from Somaliland health and demographic survey of 2020.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Water, sanitation, and hygiene and nutritional status of children under-5 years born to young mothers in Ghana: a spatial inequality analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring the Association Between Household Toilet Facility Type and Chronic Malnutrition in Children Under 5 years in Ghana's Northern Zone.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Water Matters More: Unequal Effects of Water and Sanitation on Child Growth in Mozambique.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Estimating pathways affecting stunting in families with children under aged 5 years.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Factors associated with childhood undernutrition in poor Ethiopian households: Implications for public health interventions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota differences in stunted and normal-lenght children aged 36-45 months in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Social determinants of health associated with increased prevalence of childhood malnutrition in Africa.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Understanding Households' Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhether or not the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) conditions in which children under five live determine their nutritional status is still under discussion. The work aimed to study the effects of household WASH conditions to which children under five are exposed on their nutritional status in Benin.
methodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional design and consisted of secondary analyses using datasets from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-V) conducted in Benin. Stunting, wasting and underweight were the dependent variables. The WASH conditions in which children live were evaluated in the immediate environment, i.e., at the level of their households. After describing the study variables, the relationships between the dependent variables and the exposures were checked using multivariate logistic regression. Data analysis was performed with Stata 15 and took into account the survey's sampling design.
resultsThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 31.15% (95% CI = 29.90-32.42), 4.79% (95% CI = 4.33-5.31) and 15.82% (95% CI = 14.92-16.76), respectively. The stunting odds were 1.35 (95% CI = 1.15-1.59) and 1.27 (95% CI = 1.01-1.59) times higher for children from households with no water and sanitation services, respectively, compared to children living in households with basic water and sanitation services. Children under five from households with no hygiene facilities and using limited hygiene services had 1.31 (95% CI = 1.05-1.63) and 1.35 (95% CI = 1.10-1.67) times the odds of being stunted, respectively, compared to children covered by basic hygiene facilities. There is no evidence of a significant relationship between household access to WASH and wasting in children under five. The odds of being underweight were 1.33 (95% CI = 1.02-1.72) times higher among children under five from households with limited hygiene facilities than among children from households with basic hygiene facilities.
conclusionInterventions to fight malnutrition in children under five should include a WASH dimension.
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