ReviewPsychonomic bulletin & review2024
A theory of visibility measures in the dissociation paradigm.
Review in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unconscious cognition without post hoc selection artifacts: From selective analysis to functional dissociations.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Increasing power for detecting awareness: a new approach to test group level objective performance.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Trial-wise awareness ratings do not capture the dynamics of masked priming.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Supervised and unsupervised rehabilitation of visual field defect: cohort investigation of eye movement training at a clinical setting and at home.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Neural correlates of unconscious processing in functional magnetic resonance imaging: does brain activity contain more information than can be consciously reported?Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- New methods, old questions: advancing the study of unconscious perception.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- No evidence for contextual cueing beyond explicit recognition.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2024Article
- Unconscious Integration of Categorical Relationship of Two Subliminal Numbers in Comparison with "5".Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Relation Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Visual Awareness: Current Evidence, Attempt of a Synthesis and Future Research Directions.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- Consciousness Under the Spotlight: The Problem of Measuring Subjective Experience.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive scienceReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research on perception without awareness primarily relies on the dissociation paradigm, which compares a measure of awareness of a critical stimulus (direct measure) with a measure indicating that the stimulus has been processed at all (indirect measure). We argue that dissociations between direct and indirect measures can only be demonstrated with respect to the critical stimulus feature that generates the indirect effect, and the observer's awareness of that feature, the critical cue. We expand Kahneman's (Psychological Bulletin, 70, 404-425, 1968) concept of criterion content to comprise the set of all cues that an observer actually uses to perform the direct task. Different direct measures can then be compared by studying the overlap of their criterion contents and their containment of the critical cue. Because objective and subjective measures may integrate different sets of cues, one measure generally cannot replace the other without sacrificing important information. Using a simple mathematical formalization, we redefine and clarify the concepts of validity, exclusiveness, and exhaustiveness in the dissociation paradigm, show how dissociations among different awareness measures falsify both single-valued measures and monocausal theories of "consciousness," and formulate the demand that theories of visual awareness should be sufficiently specific to explain dissociations among different facets of awareness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.