Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37526642›Full record

ArticleMicrobial genomics2023

Mapping the phylogeny and lineage history of geographically distinct BCG vaccine strains.

Linzy Elton, Sandeep Kasaragod, Helen Donoghue, Hussain A Safar, Priscilla Amankwah, Alimuddin Zumla, Adam A Witney, Timothy D McHugh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial genomics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Comparative transcriptomic signatures of virulent and attenuatedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Linzy EltonCentre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Sandeep KasaragodInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Helen DonoghueCentre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Hussain A SafarGenomics, Proteomics and Cellomics Sciences Research Unit (OMICSRU), Research Core Facility, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Priscilla AmankwahCentre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Alimuddin ZumlaCentre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Adam A WitneyInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Timothy D McHughCentre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been in use for prevention of tuberculosis for over a century. It remains the only widely available tuberculosis vaccine and its protective efficacy has varied across geographical regions. Since it was developed, the BCG vaccine strain has been shared across different laboratories around the world, where use of differing culture methods has resulted in genetically distinct strains over time. Whilst differing BCG vaccine efficacy around the world is well documented, and the reasons for this may be multifactorial, it has been hypothesized that genetic differences in BCG vaccine strains contribute to this variation. Isolates from an historic archive of lyophilized BCG strains were regrown, DNA was extracted and then whole-genome sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The resulting whole-genome data were plotted on a phylogenetic tree and analysed to identify the presence or absence of regions of difference (RDs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relating to virulence, growth and cell wall structure. Of 50 strains available, 36 were revived in culture and 39 were sequenced. Morphology differed between the strains distributed before and after 1934. There was phylogenetic association amongst certain geographically classified strains, most notably BCG-Russia, BCG-Japan and BCG-Danish. RD2, RD171 and RD713 deletions were associated with late strains (seeded after 1927). When mapped to BCG-Pasteur 1172, the SNPs in

Indexed as

Mycobacterium bovisTuberculosisBase SequenceBCG VaccineHumansPhylogenyBCG VaccineBCGlong readOxford Nanopore Technologiesstraintuberculosisvaccinewhole-genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID37526642
PMCPMC10483423

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.