ArticleCancer science2023
Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD-L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β-glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Cancer science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles as modulators of cancer metabolism and microenvironment.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Crosstalk Between Extracellular Vesicles and Regulatory T Cells Across Cancers: From Interaction to Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles isolated from bone marrow of patients with neuroblastoma: role of PD-L1 and HLA-G.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD-L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β-glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) are frequently upregulated in cancer patients. This study aims to demonstrate the hypothesis that arecoline could induce the secretion of mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in extracellular vesicles (EVs), and attenuate T-cell immunity by upregulated Treg cell numbers. However, the immunosuppression could be reversed by whole glucan particle (WGP) β-glucan in oral squamous cell (OSCC) patients. Arecoline-induced reactive oxygen specimen (ROS) production and cytosolic mtDNA D-loop were analyzed in OSCC cell lines. mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, IFN-γ, and Treg cells were also identified for the surgical specimens and sera of 60 OSCC patients. We demonstrated that higher mtDNA D-loop, PD-L1, and Treg cell numbers were significantly correlated with larger tumor size, nodal metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and areca quid chewing. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that higher mtDNA D-loop levels and Treg cell numbers were unfavorable independent factors for survival. Arecoline significantly induced cytosolic mtDNA D-loop leakage and PD-L1 expression, which were packaged by EVs to promote immunosuppressive Treg cell numbers. However, WGP β-glucan could elevate CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.