ArticleBMC public health2023
The effect of nonrestorative sleep on incident hypertension 1-2 years later among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between nonrestorative sleep and increased healthcare costs: a 6-year cohort study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Daily associations of subjective and objective sleep parameters with restorative sleep and morning sleepiness in Japanese working adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insomnia and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in US Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From HCHS/SOL.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Nonrestorative sleep: a potential indicator or consequence of job stress.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2025Article
- Exercise Training Modalities in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Prehypertension or Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Association of insomnia and daytime napping with metabolic syndrome and its components in a Korean population: an analysis of data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsomnia is known to be a major risk factor for incident hypertension. Nonrestorative sleep (NRS), which refers to insufficiently rested sleep, has reported to associate with various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between insomnia-related symptoms including NRS and incident hypertension 1-2 years later by age group (young, 18-39 years and middle-age, 40-64 years) using existing cohort data involving Hispanics/Latinos.
methodsThis study included 1100 subjects who had participated in both the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its follow-up study, the Sueño Ancillary Study, and met additional eligibility criteria. Incident hypertension was assessed by self-reported history and/or the use of antihypertensives. The Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) was used to evaluate insomnia-related symptoms (difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, difficulty returning to sleep, and NRS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the degree to which insomnia-related symptoms at baseline predicted incident hypertension.
resultsAmong the participants (64% middle-aged, 36% young adults), 140 (12.7%) developed hypertension during the follow-up period. Among the sleep-related symptoms, only NRS predicted incident hypertension after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and physical condition (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-3.21, p = 0.022) in middle-aged adults. None of the insomnia-related symptoms were associated with incident hypertension in the young adults. No association was found between WHIIRS-defined insomnia (total score ≥ 9) and incident hypertension in middle-aged adults or young adults.
conclusionThe present findings suggest the importance of focusing on NRS to help prevent the development of hypertension in middle-aged adults.
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