Antibiotic usage in a South African paediatric medical ward following the introduction of an antibiotic prescription chart.

Introduction: the global rise in antibiotic resistance (ABR), coupled with a dry pipeline for the discovery of new antibiotics requires the conservation of currently available antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions are being implemented to optimize antibiotic use including the use of antibiotic prescription charts. This study reviewed the use of antibiotics before and after the introduction of an antibiotic prescription chart in a paediatric medical ward of an academic tertiary hospital in Johannesburg. Methods: a cross-sectional retrospective review of patient records was conducted for patients admitted to a paediatric medical ward of an academic tertiary hospital over two study periods; before and after the introduction of an antibiotic prescription chart. Data were captured on a Microsoft® Excel (2010) spreadsheet and analyzed using Stata/IC 15.1 (StataCorp, USA). Results: antibiotic use decreased significantly by 7.04% following the introduction of the antibiotic prescription chart (p=0.027). Fields often left unfilled on the antibiotic prescription chart include age (100%), a record of renal function (GFR/CrCl) (97.46%), time of antibiotic prescribing (83.62%) and a record of culture and sensitivity results (80.17%). Conclusion: the findings of this study show an improvement in antibiotic use, the frequency of culture and sensitivity testing and documentation of relevant parameters after the introduction of the antibiotic prescription chart. The use of an antibiotic prescription chart is a practical way to achieve optimal antibiotic use and to encourage proper detailing of the clinical components necessary for antibiotic selection in a hospital setting in a developing country.