ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune responses in COVID-19 patients during breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta, Omicron-BA.1 and Omicron-BA.5.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serology survey against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of residents in Tainan, Taiwan.Virulence · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent antiviral effects of glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and harmaline against clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolates, including D614G, Omicron BA.5, and Omicron XBB.1.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Differential immune profiles in elderly patients with non-severe versus severe SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection: dysregulation of antibody responses and B-cell subsets.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection during pregnancy preferentially elicits IgG4 response and enhanced placental-transfer.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Amitriptyline potently neutralizes distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants including D614G, Omicron BA.5, and Omicron XBB.1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development.Vaccines · 2024Review
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- Associations between clinical data, vaccination status, antibody responses, and post-COVID-19 symptoms in Thais infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants: a 1-year follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Healthcare Workers in Germany: 3-Year Follow-Up Study.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of the Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV (PLWH).Vaccines · 2024Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Viral Evolution, Immune Evasion, and Alternative Durable Therapeutic Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Fluoxetine and Sertraline Potently Neutralize the Replication of Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Viruses · 2024Article
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- Immune response and severity of Omicron BA.5 reinfection among individuals previously infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are increasingly observed in vaccinated individuals. Immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron-BA.5, are poorly understood. We investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during Delta and Omicron infection waves. Methods: The corresponding SARS-CoV-2 variant of the respective patients were identified by whole genome sequencing. Humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and a cell culture-based neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 D614G isolate (wildtype), Alpha, Delta (AY.43) and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.5). Cellular immunity was evaluated with an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Results: On a cellular level, patients showed a minor IFN-γ response after stimulating PBMCs with mutated regions of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron-BA.1 and especially BA.5 were strongly reduced. Double-vaccinated patients with Delta breakthrough infection showed a significantly increased neutralizing antibody response against Delta compared to double-vaccinated uninfected controls (median complete neutralization titer (NT Conclusion: Neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron-BA.1 and especially BA.5 were strongly reduced in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Delta and Omicron-BA.1 but not Omicron-BA.5 infections boosted the humoral immunity in double-vaccinated patients and patients with booster vaccination. Despite BA.5 breakthrough infection, those patients may still be vulnerable for reinfections with BA.5 or other newly emerging variants of concern.
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