ArticleFrontiers in oncology2023
Association of psychological distress, smoking and genetic risk with the incidence of lung cancer: a large prospective population-based cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Bedtime Procrastination Related to Multidimensional Sleep Health? Evidence from Samples of Different Educational Stages (Aged 10-25) in China.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Associations between psychological distress and thyroid cancer, and the mediating role of lifestyle and metabolism: a cohort study from the UK Biobank.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring psychological distress among lung cancer patients through the stress system model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical value of the correlation between depression and cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Association Between Depression and Lung Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Deciphering gene-smoking interactions in age-related macular degeneration through cross-biobank genomic integration.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between psychological distress (anxiety and depression) and lung cancer risk, however, it is unclear whether other factors such as tobacco smoking and genetic susceptibility modify the association. Methods: We included 405,892 UK Biobank participants free of cancer at baseline. Psychological distress was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated using 18 lung cancer-associated genetic loci. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1754 lung cancer cases were documented. The higher score of psychological distress was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (HR Conclusion: Our results indicate that psychological distress was associated with an elevated risk of incident lung cancer, and such relation was modified by tobacco smoking and genetic susceptibility.
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