Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37519311›Full record

ArticlePublic health challenges2022

Workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan: A cross-sectional study.

Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi, Hammad Mohamed Hammad Mohamed, Abdelmuniem Ahmed, Islam Hamza Haroun, Mohamed Hassan Hag, Ehssan Farouk, Moaaz Almadani, Alanood Elnaeem Mohamed, Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam, Osman S Abdelhamed and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health challenges, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Relationship Between Healthcare System Distrust and Intention to Use Violence Against Health Professionals: The Mediating Role of Health News Perceptions.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Sudden death among young Sudanese physicians: a wake-up call.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yasir Ahmed Mohammed ElhadiDepartment of Public Health Medical Research Office, Sudanese Medical Research Association Khartoum Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-0374
Hammad Mohamed Hammad MohamedAl-Mana General Hospital Al-Jubail Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-1682
Abdelmuniem AhmedPhysiology Department Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan.
Islam Hamza HarounDepartment of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan.
Mohamed Hassan HagFederal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan.
Ehssan FaroukFederal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan.
Moaaz AlmadaniFederal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan.
Alanood Elnaeem MohamedFaculty of Pharmacy University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan.
Mohammed Fathelrahman AdamFaculty of Pharmacy University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9004
Osman S AbdelhamedFaculty of Medicine Ahfad University for Women Omdurman Sudan.
Elhadi Basheer SalihFederal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan.
Sahar Khalid MohamedFederal Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-0909
Mohammed Osman Omer SanosiFaculty of Public Health University of Shendi Shendi Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) is a growing global issue. During the coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, violent attacks on HCWs have been documented worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude and pattern of WPV among HCWs in Sudan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study of WPV was conducted among registered medical and health workers (pharmacists, physicians, dentists, nurses, laboratory technicians, and administrative and paramedical staff) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan. Data were collected from August to December 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. Results: A total of 792 HCWs returned the online questionnaire. The mean age was 33.5 ± 8.6 years, where more than half were females (54.9%) and working during the day shift (58.8%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, three out of every four participants (78.3%) reported experiencing violence, with 65.8 % experiencing it more than three times. The common types of violence experienced were verbal (91.6%), physical (50.0%), and sexual abuse (11.0%). The emergency department reported the highest number of violent incidents (46.9%). Half of these violent events were not reported (50.3%), primarily due to a lack of a reporting system. The demographic factors that were significantly associated with exposure to violence were participants' occupation ( Conclusion: WPV was rampant among the HCWs in Sudan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current findings are presented to draw the attention of policy leaders and stakeholders in Sudan to this alarming problem prompting the pressing need for policy and system interventions.

Indexed as

COVID‐19healthcare workersSudanworkplace violence

Identifiers

PMID37519311
PMCPMC9877812

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.