ArticleEuropean journal of haematology2023
Estrogen-based hormonal therapy and the risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.
Article in European journal of haematology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- NAT10-Mediated ac4C-Modification Exacerbates Ferroptosis by Stabilizing HMOX1 in Deep Vein Thrombosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Effect of Pituitary-Target Gland Axis on RAAS in the Context of COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEstrogen-containing contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy are used commonly, however, the risks of venous and arterial thrombosis imparted by such medications during COVID-19 infection or other similar viral infections remain undescribed.
methodsTo assess the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients receiving oral estrogen-containing therapy (ECT) with COVID-19 as compared to those receiving non-estrogen-based hormonal therapy, we conducted a multicenter cohort study of 991 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, 466 receiving estrogen-containing hormonal therapy, and 525 receiving progestin-only or topical therapy.
resultsThe use of estrogen-containing therapy was found to significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following COVID-19 diagnosis after controlling for age (HR 5.46 [95% CI 1.12-26.7, p = .036]). This risk was highest in patients over age 50, with 8.6% of patients receiving estrogen-containing therapy diagnosed with VTE compared to 0.9% of those receiving non-estrogen-based therapies (p = .026). The risk of arterial thrombosis was not significantly associated with oral estrogen use.
conclusionsThese results suggest that estrogen-containing therapy is associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE in COVID-19 patients, especially in older individuals. These findings may guide provider counseling and management of patients with COVID-19 on estrogen-containing therapy.
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