Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37518849›Full record

ArticleAdvances in therapy2023

The Economic Burden of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2019).

Paul Greenberg, Abhishek Chitnis, Derek Louie, Ellison Suthoff, Shih-Yin Chen, Jessica Maitland, Patrick Gagnon-Sanschagrin, Andree-Anne Fournier, Ronald C Kessler

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06856161 (A Novel Blood Test as a Differential Diagnosis and Drug Efficacy Biomarker in Mental Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
109citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06856161 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Novel Blood Test as a Differential Diagnosis and Drug Efficacy Biomarker in Mental Health

TypeobservationalSponsorFraser HealthRan2025 to 2027Enrolled500ConditionsDepression - Major Depressive Disorder, Schizophenia Disorder, Psychosis, Mania (Neurotic)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

109 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Paul GreenbergAnalysis Group Inc., 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02199, USA.
Abhishek ChitnisBiogen Inc., 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Derek LouieSage Therapeutics Inc., 215 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Ellison SuthoffSage Therapeutics Inc., 215 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Shih-Yin ChenBiogen Inc., 225 Binney St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Jessica MaitlandAnalysis Group Inc., 1190 Ave. des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 1B3, Canada. jessica.maitland@analysisgroup.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6804-319X
Patrick Gagnon-SanschagrinAnalysis Group Inc., 1190 Ave. des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 1B3, Canada.
Andree-Anne FournierAnalysis Group Inc., 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02199, USA.
Ronald C KesslerHarvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPrevious societal burden estimations for major depressive disorder (MDD) often fail to account for several hidden cost components. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of societal costs for adults with MDD in the United States (USA) in 2019. The potential impact of a more effective, rapid-acting MDD therapy vs standard of care on the economic burden of MDD was estimated to illustrate the utility of such a framework in evaluating new interventions.

methodsThis study used a prevalence-based human capital approach. Incremental costs (2019 US dollars) per individual with MDD were derived from national survey inputs and published literature and included incremental healthcare costs and indirect costs. For each cost component, the societal costs were extrapolated by multiplying the per-patient costs by the number of individuals with MDD. The impact of a more effective, rapid-acting novel therapy on the economic burden of MDD was then simulated on the basis of these inputs.

resultsIn 2019, the number of adults with MDD in the USA was estimated at 19.8 million (62.7% female; 32.9% severe MDD), and the incremental societal economic burden of MDD was estimated at $333.7 billion ($382.4 billion in 2023 US dollars), or $16,854 per adult with MDD. The primary cost drivers were healthcare costs ($127.3 billion; 38.1%), household-related costs ($80.1 billion; 24.0%), presenteeism ($43.3 billion; 13.0%), and absenteeism ($38.4 billion; 11.5%). In the simulated scenario, a hypothetical novel therapy with a 50.0% early response rate was associated with a 7.7% reduction in the economic burden of MDD relative to standard of care over 12 months.

conclusionsThe economic burden of MDD is substantial and extends beyond healthcare costs, underscoring the impact of MDD across multiple aspects of life. Such a broad societal perspective should be considered in assessing the impact of the advent of effective, rapid-acting MDD therapies.

Indexed as

Major Depressive DisorderAdultCost of IllnessFemaleFinancial StressHealth Care CostsHumansMalePrevalenceUnited StatesBurden of diseaseDepressionDisease costEconomic burdenHouseholdsMajor depressive disorder

Identifiers

PMID37518849
PMCPMC10499687

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.