ReviewJournal of translational medicine2023
Complexities in comparing the impact of costimulatory domains on approved CD19 CAR functionality.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Review
- Metabolic and functional analysis including repetitive antigen stimulation provides a more accurate assessment for CAR-T cell product quality and long-term functionality.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Lisocabtagene Maraleucel in Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Product-Specific Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Real-World Studies.Hematology reports · 2026Review
- CD4-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells With Resistance to HIV-1 Infection and Enhanced Anti-HIV Efficacy: Covalent Interaction Between CD4-CAR and HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy: From Structural Design Innovations to Clinical Translation Challenges.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Put the CAR-T before the HRS: Advances in Anti-CD30 Immunotherapy Targeting Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg Cells in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Advanced strategies to enhance the safety, persistence, and efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD28 signaling domain boosts persistence andiScience · 2025Article
- Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Advances in Gene Therapy with Oncolytic Viruses and CAR-T Cells and Therapy-Related Groups.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Potentiating CAR-T cell function in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by inverting the TGF-β signal.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- CAR T-cell therapy for neurological disorders: scientific rationale and mechanistic insights.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Evolving strategies for addressing CAR T-cell toxicities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Finding Your CAR: The Road Ahead for Engineered T Cells.The American journal of pathology · 2024Review
- CAR19 monitoring by peripheral blood immunophenotyping reveals histology-specific expansion and toxicity.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Alloreactive-free CAR-VST therapy: a step forward in long-term tumor control in viral context.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered to target T cells specifically to tumor cells, resulting in the engineered T cell killing the tumor cell. This technology has been developed to target a range of cancers, with the most notable successes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies where four approved therapies, all targeting CD19, are on the market. These four products differ in the costimulation domains, with axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) and brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus) both utilizing the CD28 costimulation domain whilst tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi) both utilizing the 4-1BB costimulation domain. There are clearly defined differences in how the CD28 and 4-1BB domains signal, yet it is difficult to ascertain which domain affords a superior mechanism of action given many other differences between these products, including overall CAR architecture and manufacturing methods. Additionally, while in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies have compared CARs with different costimulation domains, it remains a challenge to extrapolate differences observed in this biology across different experimental systems to the overall product performance. While there has been extensive preclinical and clinical work looking at CARs with a variety of targeting domains and architectures, this review will focus on the differences between the four marketed anti-CD19 CAR-Ts, with an additional focus on the impact of hinge and transmembrane domain on CAR activity and interaction with the target cell as well as other proteins on the surface of the T-cell.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.