ArticleBMC research notes2023
Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction.
Article in BMC research notes, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing the causal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a meta-analytic Mendelian randomization study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Woolf et al's "GWAS by subtraction" is not useful for cross-generational Mendelian randomization studies.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Reassessing the validity of using weighted linear models to implement multi-generational GWAS-by-subtraction: a response to Evans et al.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Correction: Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- The goldmine of GWAS summary statistics: a systematic review of methods and tools.BioData mining · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo use genome-wide association study (GWAS) by subtraction, a method for deriving novel GWASs from existing summary statistics, to derive genome-wide summary statistics for paternal smoking.
resultA GWAS by subtraction was implemented using a weighted linear model that defined the child-genotype paternal-phenotype association as the child-genotype child-phenotype association minus the child-genotype maternal-phenotype association. We first use the laws of inherence to derive the weighted linear model. We then implemented the linear model to create a GWAS of paternal smoking by subtracting the summary statistics from a GWAS of maternal smoking from the summary statistics of a GWAS of the index individual's smoking. We used a Monte-Carlo simulation to validate the model and showed that this approach performed similarly in terms of bias to performing a traditional GWAS of paternal smoking. Finally, we validated the summary statistics in a Mendelian randomisation analysis by demonstrating an association of genetically predicted paternal smoking with paternal lung cancer and emphysema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.