ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2023
Choroidal Nevus Features Associated with Subspecialty Referral.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Volumes of Choroidal Nevi on Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Compared to Calculations Based on Ultrasound Measurements.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Development of a deep learning model to classify choroidal melanoma risk factors based on color fundus photographs.AJO international · 2025Article
- Factors associated with lost to follow-up and delayed follow-up in patients with choroidal nevus.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of uveal melanoma: advances and applications.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Differentiation of Choroidal Nevi from Small Melanoma in Fundus Photographs.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo identify choroidal nevus features associated with referral to a retina or ocular oncology subspecialist.
designPopulation-based retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus.
methodsPopulation-based retrospective cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with an incident diagnosis of choroidal nevus from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015 using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a medical record linkage system. Tumor features and patient demographics associated with referral to a retina or ocular oncology subspecialist were assessed. Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.
main outcome measuresTumor features and patient demographics associated with referral to subspecialty care.
resultsThere were 826 incident diagnoses of choroidal nevus, of which 88 cases (11%) were referred, with highest level of referral being retina in 29 cases (33%) and ocular oncology in 59 cases (67%). None of the analyzed demographic features were associated with choroidal nevus referral to subspecialty care. Tumor features associated with referral (vs. not referred) included greater mean basal diameter (4.6 mm vs. 2.4 mm, P < 0.001), greater mean tumor thickness (0.7 mm vs. 0.1 mm, P < 0.001), greater distance to optic disc (6.9 mm vs. 3.4 mm, P = 0.02), halo around nevus (5.7% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001), and drusen on OCT (51% vs. 25%, P = 0.002). Presence of orange pigment (8% vs. 0%, P = 0.14), subretinal fluid (9% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.09), and low internal reflectivity on A-scan (7.7% vs. 0%, P = 1.00) were not found more frequently in the subspecialty referral group.
conclusionsGreater basal diameter and mean tumor thickness of choroidal nevus were associated with referral to retina or ocular oncology. However, several features associated with increased risk of malignant transformation were not associated with subspecialty referral. These findings highlight the importance of educating eye care providers about high-risk tumor features associated with choroidal nevus transformation to melanoma. In the primary eye care setting where not all multimodal imaging may be available, we encourage color photography and OCT with referral for any features of basal diameter > 5 mm, presence of subretinal fluid, or thickness too large for capture by enhanced-depth imaging OCT. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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