Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2023
Role of Anemia in Dementia Risk Among Veterans With Incident CKD.
Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Limitations of current copyright frameworks for large language models trained on scientific literature.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Article
- Cognitive impairment and health outcomes in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Unraveling of Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Frailty in Chronic Kidney Disease: How Exercise Makes a Difference.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveAlthough some evidence exists of increased dementia risk from anemia, it is unclear whether this association persists among adults with CKD. Anemia may be a key marker for dementia among adults with CKD, so we evaluated whether anemia is associated with an increased risk of dementia among adults with CKD. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study. SETTING &
participantsThe study included 620,095 veterans aged≥45 years with incident stage 3 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]<60mL/min/1.73m EXPOSURE: Anemia was assessed based on the average of hemoglobin levels (g/L) during the 2 years before the date of incident CKD and categorized as normal, mild, or moderate/severe anemia (≥12.0, 11.0-11.9,<11.0g/dL, respectively, for women, and≥13.0, 11.0-12.9,<11.0g/dL for men). OUTCOME: Dementia and the composite outcome of kidney failure or death. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios were estimated for each outcome.
resultsAt the time of incident CKD, the mean age of the participants was 72 years, 97% were male, and their mean eGFR was 51mL/min per 1.73m LIMITATIONS: Residual confounding from the observational study design. Findings may not be generalizable to the broader US population.
conclusionsAnemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia among veterans with incident CKD, underscoring the role of anemia as a predictor of dementia risk. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have anemia. Prior studies among adults in the general population suggest anemia is a risk factor for dementia, though it is unclear whether this association persists among adults with CKD. In this large study of veterans in the United States, we studied the association between anemia and the risk of 2 important outcomes in this population: (1) dementia and (2) kidney failure or death. We found that anemia was associated with a greater risk of dementia as well as risk of kidney failure or death. The study findings therefore emphasize the role of anemia as a key predictor of dementia risk among adults with CKD.
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