Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37516011›Full record

ArticleBehaviour research and therapy2023

Interoception in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: Preliminary evidence of intact accuracy alongside reduced insight and altered sensibility.

L S Merritt Millman, Eleanor Short, Biba Stanton, Joel S Winston, Timothy R Nicholson, Mitul A Mehta, Antje A T S Reinders, Mark J Edwards, Laura H Goldstein, Anthony S David and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behaviour research and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07378488 (Structured Dance/Movement Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07378488 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Structured Dance/Movement Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorder: A Feasibility Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorKing's College LondonRan2026 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsFunctional Neurological DisorderArmsStructured dance/movement, Physical exercise/body coordination
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Article
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  6. Review
  7. Diagnostic labels in functional disorders.Future healthcare journal · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

L S Merritt MillmanInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Eleanor ShortInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Biba StantonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Joel S WinstonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Timothy R NicholsonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Mitul A MehtaInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Antje A T S ReindersInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Mark J EdwardsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Laura H GoldsteinInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Anthony S DavidUniversity College London, Institute of Mental Health, UK.
Matthew HotopfInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Trudie ChalderInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Susannah PickInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. Electronic address: susannah.pick@kcl.ac.uk.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/V032771/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Altered interoception may be a pathophysiological mechanism in functional neurological disorder (FND). However, findings have been inconsistent across interoceptive dimensions in FND including functional motor symptoms (FMS) and seizures (FS). Here, individuals with FMS/FS (n = 17) and healthy controls (HC, n = 17) completed measures of interoceptive accuracy and insight (adapted heartbeat tracking task [HTT] with confidence ratings), a time estimation control task (TET) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) to assess interoceptive sensibility. The groups did not differ in interoceptive accuracy (p = 1.00, g = 0.00) or confidence (p = .99, g = 0.004), although the FMS/FS group displayed lower scores on the "Not-Distracting" (p < .001, g = 1.42) and "Trusting" (p = .005, g = 1.17) MAIA-2 subscales, relative to HCs. The groups did not differ in TET performance (p = .82, g = 0.08). There was a positive relationship between HTT accuracy and confidence (insight) in HCs (r = .61, p = .016) but not in FMS/FS (r = 0.11, p = .69). HTT confidence was positively correlated with MAIA-2 "Self-Regulation" (r = 0.77, p = .002) and negatively correlated with FND symptom severity (r = -0.84, p < .001) and impact (r = -0.86, p < .001) in FMS/FS. Impaired interoceptive accuracy may not be a core feature in FMS/FS, but reduced insight and altered sensibility may be relevant. Reduced certainty in self-evaluations of bodily experiences may contribute to the pathogenesis of FND symptoms.

Indexed as

AwarenessInteroceptionHeart RateHumansSeizuresSelf-AssessmentBodily awarenessFunctional neurological disorderInteroceptionMetacognitionNon-epileptic seizuresPathophysiology

Identifiers

PMID37516011
PMCPMC10788481

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.