Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37515986›Full record

Observational studyEBioMedicine2023

Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study.

Heba N Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H Ayoub, Patrick Tang, Mohammad R Hasan, Hadi M Yassine, Hebah A Al-Khatib, Asmaa A Al Thani, Peter Coyle, Zaina Al-Kanaani and 14 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in EBioMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Heba N AltarawnehInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: hea2015@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
Hiam ChemaitellyInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Houssein H AyoubMathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Patrick TangDepartment of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Mohammad R HasanDepartment of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Hadi M YassineBiomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Hebah A Al-KhatibBiomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Asmaa A Al ThaniBiomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Peter CoyleBiomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Zaina Al-KanaaniHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Einas Al-KuwariHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Andrew JeremijenkoHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Anvar Hassan KaleeckalHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Ali Nizar LatifHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Riyazuddin Mohammad ShaikHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Hanan F Abdul-RahimDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Gheyath K NasrallahBiomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Mohamed Ghaith Al-KuwariPrimary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Adeel A ButtDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Hamad Eid Al-RomaihiMinistry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.
Mohamed H Al-ThaniMinistry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.
Abdullatif Al-KhalHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Roberto BertolliniMinistry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar.
Laith J Abu-RaddadInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProtection against SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 of previous infection, mRNA two-dose vaccination, mRNA three-dose vaccination, and hybrid immunity of previous infection and vaccination were investigated in Qatar for the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants.

methodsSix national, matched, test-negative, case-control studies were conducted between January 18 and December 18, 2021 on a sample of 239,120 PCR-positive tests and 6,103,365 PCR-negative tests.

findingsEffectiveness of previous infection against Alpha, Beta, and Delta reinfection was 89.5% (95% CI: 85.5-92.3%), 87.9% (95% CI: 85.4-89.9%), and 90.0% (95% CI: 86.7-92.5%), respectively. Effectiveness of two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Alpha, Beta, and Delta infection was 90.5% (95% CI, 83.9-94.4%), 80.5% (95% CI: 79.0-82.0%), and 58.1% (95% CI: 54.6-61.3%), respectively. Effectiveness of three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination against Delta infection was 91.7% (95% CI: 87.1-94.7%). Effectiveness of hybrid immunity of previous infection and two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 97.4% (95% CI: 95.4-98.5%) against Beta infection and 94.5% (95% CI: 92.8-95.8%) against Delta infection. Effectiveness of previous infection and three-dose BNT162b2 vaccination was 98.1% (95% CI: 85.7-99.7%) against Delta infection. All five forms of immunity had >90% protection against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 regardless of variant. Similar effectiveness estimates were observed for mRNA-1273. A mathematical model accurately predicted hybrid immunity protection by assuming that the individual effects of previous infection and vaccination acted independently.

interpretationHybrid immunity, offering the strongest protection, was mathematically predicted by assuming that the immunities obtained from previous infection and vaccination act independently, without synergy or redundancy.

fundingThe Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and the Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Ministry of Public Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, and Qatar University Internal Grant ID QUCG-CAS-23/24-114.

Indexed as

COVID-19Hepatitis DAdaptive ImmunityBNT162 VaccineHumansRNA, MessengerSARS-CoV-2VaccinationBNT162 VaccineRNA, MessengerBoosterCase-controlCOVID-19ReinfectionTest-negativeVariant

Identifiers

PMID37515986
PMCPMC10404859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.