GuidelineEuropean journal of neurology2023
European Academy of Neurology guidelines on the treatment of cluster headache.
Guideline in European journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04799015 (A Randomized Study of Dexamethasone as Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Post-traumatic Headache), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Study of Dexamethasone as Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Post-traumatic Headache
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for cluster headache: a systematic review and frequentist-Bayesian meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Practice advisory for intravenous management of headache disorders in hospitalized patients: a review of the evidence and consensus recommendations.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Cluster Headache and Migraine: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2025Pooled it
- Erenumab for Chronic Cluster Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Ultrasound-Guided Greater Occipital Nerve Block Across Headache Phenotypes: Outcomes and Determinants of Response in a Prospective Cohort.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Delayed diagnosis of cluster headache in Portugal.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Incidence of Cluster Headache: A Norwegian Population-Based Time-Trend Study.Neurology · 2026Article
- Predictive factors of effectiveness of occipital nerve stimulation for chronic cluster headache: data from for the French ONS registry.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Predictors of Response to Occipital Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Refractory Chronic Cluster Headache: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Peripheral nerve blocks for primary and secondary headache disorders: review of current evidence and a practical approach.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Review
- A comparison of the clinical efficacy of GON block at the C2 level and GON block at the classical distal occipital level in the treatment of cluster headache.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Article
- Multisociety response to the proposed multi-jurisdictional local coverage determination on peripheral nerve blocks and procedures for chronic pain: A critical moment in Healthcare Policy for the United States.Interventional pain medicine · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Reviewing the complex relationship between circadian rhythms and cluster headache.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Review
- Distinct Alterations of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cluster Headache: A Case Control Study.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Ergotamine enhances circadian amplitude and diurnally mitigates nitroglycerin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Uncovering drug targets for cluster headache through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Current and Novel Therapies for Cluster Headache: A Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Unraveling the relationship between inflammation and cluster headache.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Hope for 17 patients with chronic cluster headache: efficacy evaluation of upper cervical spinal nerve root release surgery (2020-2023).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeCluster headache is a relatively rare, disabling primary headache disorder with a major impact on patients' quality of life. This work presents evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of cluster headache derived from a systematic review of the literature and consensus among a panel of experts.
methodsThe databases PubMed (Medline), Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Library were screened for studies on the efficacy of interventions (last access July 2022). The findings in these studies were evaluated according to the recommendations of the European Academy of Neurology, and the level of evidence was established using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). RECOMMENDATIONS: For the acute treatment of cluster headache attacks, there is a strong recommendation for oxygen (100%) with a flow of at least 12 L/min over 15 min and 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan. Prophylaxis of cluster headache attacks with verapamil at a daily dose of at least 240 mg (maximum dose depends on efficacy and tolerability) is recommended. Corticosteroids are efficacious in cluster headache. To reach an effect, the use of at least 100 mg prednisone (or equivalent corticosteroid) given orally or at up to 500 mg iv per day over 5 days is recommended. Lithium, topiramate, and galcanezumab (only for episodic cluster headache) are recommended as alternative treatments. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation is efficacious in episodic but not chronic cluster headache. Greater occipital nerve block is recommended, but electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve is not recommended due to the side effect profile.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.