Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37514019›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2023

Exosomes as an Emerging Plasmid Delivery Vehicle for Gene Therapy.

Margaret Wallen, Farrukh Aqil, Wendy Spencer, Ramesh C Gupta

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Gene Therapy for Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Nano Approaches to Nucleic Acid Delivery: Barriers, Solutions, and Current Landscape.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Margaret Wallen3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Farrukh AqilBrown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0081-7251
Wendy Spencer3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Ramesh C Gupta3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Funding

Exosomal Drug DeliveryR44CA221487 · NCI · 3P BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. · PI GUPTA, RAMESH C, SPENCER, WENDY A · 2017 to 2018
$1.7M
Exosomal drug formulationsR41CA189517 · NCI · 3P BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. · PI GUPTA, RAMESH C · 2014 to 2014
$225k
NIH HHS R41-CA-189517NIH HHS R44-CA-221487
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite its introduction more than three decades ago, gene therapy has fallen short of its expected potential for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and continues to lack widespread clinical use. The fundamental limitation in clinical translatability of this therapeutic modality has always been an effective delivery system that circumvents degradation of the therapeutic nucleic acids, ensuring they reach the intended disease target. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) for the purpose of introducing exogenous genes presents an additional challenge due to its size and potential immunogenicity. Current pDNA methods include naked pDNA accompanied by electroporation or ultrasound, liposomes, other nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides, to name a few. While the topic of numerous reviews, each of these methods has its own unique set of limitations, side effects, and efficacy concerns. In this review, we highlight emerging uses of exosomes for the delivery of pDNA for gene therapy. We specifically focus on bovine milk and colostrum-derived exosomes as a nano-delivery "platform". Milk/colostrum represents an abundant, scalable, and cost-effective natural source of exosomes that can be loaded with nucleic acids for targeted delivery to a variety of tissue types in the body. These nanoparticles can be functionalized and loaded with pDNA for the exogenous expression of genes to target a wide variety of disease phenotypes, overcoming many of the limitations of current gene therapy delivery techniques.

Indexed as

cancerexosomesgene therapynanoplatformplasmid DNA delivery

Identifiers

PMID37514019
PMCPMC10384126

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.