SynthesisNutrients2023
The Effectiveness of Early Enteral Nutrition on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- [S3 guideline on sepsis-prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up care-update 2025].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Guideline
- Early Enteral Nutrition (within 48 h) for Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Effects of low molecular weight heparin on inflammatory, coagulation, and immune markers in hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- The high-risk phenotype for gastrointestinal vulnerability in sepsis and 28-day mortality: an integrative study based on clinical association and cross-level biological support.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Achieving ≥70% of energy requirements during early enteral nutrition and short-term inflammatory-metabolic profiles in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Early enteral nutrition and dynamic metabolic-inflammatory trajectories in sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Early versus delayed enteral nutrition in septic shock: a target trial emulation study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutritional Risk and 30-Day In-Hospital Mortality in Adults With Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Beyond muscle weakness: pathogenesis of sepsis-induced myopathy and its management.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- The interplay between gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbiota dynamics in sepsis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Nasojejunal Tube Injury in a Patient With Septic Shock: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- The impact of enteral feeding intolerance on the prognosis of patients with septic shock in South Korea.Acute and critical care · 2025Article
- Comparative effects of enteral nutrition strategies on nutritional indices, inflammatory factors, and clinical outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Impact of early enteral nutrition on the prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC-IV Database.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of early enteral nutrition combined with fine nursing in patients with intracranial aneurysm undergoing minimally invasive surgery.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Nursing strategies after pancreaticoduodenectomy: continuity of care combined with immunomodulatory nutrition.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Sepsis: From Dysbiosis to Personalized Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Feeding Intolerance in Critically Ill Patients with Enteral Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2024Review
- Enhancing sepsis therapy: the evolving role of enteral nutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The optimal timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in sepsis patients is controversial among societal guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of early EN's impact on critically ill sepsis patients' clinical outcomes. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP databases on 10 March 2023. We included studies published after 2004 that compared early EN versus delayed EN in sepsis patients. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Forest plots were used to summarize risk ratios (RRs), including mortality and mean difference (MD) of continuous variables such as intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and ventilator-free days. We identified 11 eligible studies with sample sizes ranging from 31 to 2410. The RR of short-term mortality from three RCTs was insignificant, and the MD of ICU length of stay from two RCTs was -2.91 and -1.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.53 to -0.29 and -1.68 to -0.32). Although the RR of intestinal-related complications from one RCT was 3.82 (95% CI, 1.43 to 10.19), indicating a significantly higher risk for the early EN group than the control group, intestinal-related complications of EN reported in five studies were inconclusive. This systematic review did not find significant benefits of early EN on mortality in sepsis patients. Evidence, however, is weak due to inconsistent definitions, heterogeneity, risk of bias, and poor methodology in the existing studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.