ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Small-Molecule Immunotherapies and the Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Therapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy or cetuximab in the treatment of platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Characteristics and risk factors of immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- TIGIT in cancer: from mechanism of action to promising immunotherapeutic strategies.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Review
- The silent protectors: how neutrophils influence female fertility during cancer treatment - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Application of CellSearch technique in detection of peripheral blood circulating tumour cell count in patients with head and neck cancer and its association with prognosis.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Multiplexed immune profiling and 3D co-culture assays to assess the individual checkpoint therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Using Combination therapy to overcome diverse challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors treatment.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Personalised Medicine and the Potential Role of Electrospinning for Targeted Immunotherapeutics in Head and Neck Cancer.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clinical Advances and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types, including head and neck cancers (HNC). When checkpoint and partner proteins bind, these send an "off" signal to T cells, which prevents the immune system from destroying tumor cells. However, in HNC, and indeed many other cancers, more people do not respond and/or suffer from toxic effects than those who do respond. Hence, newer, more effective approaches are needed. The challenge to durable therapy lies in a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This will help develop therapies that promote lasting tumorlysis by overcoming T-cell exhaustion. Here we explore the strengths and limitations of current ICI therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We also review emerging small-molecule immunotherapies and the growing promise of neutrophil extracellular traps in controlling tumor progression and metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.