ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
PDE4 Inhibitors: Profiling Hits through the Multitude of Structural Classes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Production of Anti-melanogenic Glucosides via Molecular Docking-guided Biotransformation of p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Topical ronomilast alone or combined with clobetasol ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Therapeutics, and Future Perspectives.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Discovery of Marine-Inspired Guanidine-Based PDE4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Discovery of Potent PDE4 Inhibitors with 3(2H)-Pyridazinone Scaffold: Synthesis, In Silico Studies and In Vitro/Vivo Evaluation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- LncRNA RNF144A-AS1 increases P300-mediated H4K5 acetylation of PDE4 to promote keloid fibrosis.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Article
- Posttranslational modifications of phosphodiesterase type 4 enzymes represent novel points for therapeutic targeting.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Structural Insights: What Makes Some PDE4 Inhibitors More Effective in Inflammatory Dermatoses.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Cilomilast and Chlorogenic Acid Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits via Modulation of the cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular Properties of Phosphodiesterase 4 and Its Inhibition by Roflumilast and Cilomilast.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiling reveals RetS-mediated regulation of type VI secretion system and host cell responses inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological characterization and preclinical evaluation of 11h: a novel, brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor for neurological disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Special Issue: "Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibitors-Applications in Medicine and Diagnosis 2.0".International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting cAMP signaling and phosphodiesterase 4 for liver disease treatment.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2024Article
- cAMP/PKA signaling regulates TDP-43 aggregation and mislocalization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- PDE4 Phosphodiesterases in Cardiovascular Diseases: Key Pathophysiological Players and Potential Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 4 (PDE4) are a family of enzymes which specifically promote the hydrolysis and degradation of cAMP. The inhibition of PDE4 enzymes has been widely investigated as a possible alternative strategy for the treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders. In this context, the identification of new molecules as PDE4 inhibitors continues to be an active field of investigation within drug discovery. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry journey in the design and development of effective PDE4 inhibitors, analyzed through chemical classes and taking into consideration structural aspects and binding properties, as well as inhibitory efficacy, PDE4 selectivity and the potential as therapeutic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.