ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Genetic Abnormalities in Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of Elranatamab in the Management of Refractory Multiple Myeloma with Central Nervous System Involvement.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Article
- Prognosis of Extramedullary Disease in Chinese Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With Novel Agents-Based Induction Therapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- CD70/CD27 signaling promotes the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and represents a promising therapeutic target.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 promotes the malignant progression of multiple myeloma via activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Multiple myeloma associated with secondary plasma cell leukemia, gastric mucosal extramedullary plasmacytic infiltration, and concurrent moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Pleuro-Pulmonary Extramedullary Plasmacytomas in Multiple Myeloma: A 15-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center.Cancers · 2025Article
- Synchronous bone and adrenal extramedullary plasmacytoma: a rare case report and literature review.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic options for extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment response, and prognosis among 67 patients with anaplastic multiple myeloma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive analysis of bone marrow-derived cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary disease.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Aggressive Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Small Bowel Obstruction.Journal of hematology · 2025Article
- Review
- Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma: Challenges and Opportunities.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Clinical Efficacy of Isatuximab Plus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients.European journal of haematology · 2025Observational
- Loss of Heterozygosity and Mutations in the RAS-ERK Pathway Genes in Tumor Cells of Various Loci in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IgG-k/IgG-λ Para-Osseous Plasmacytoma Relapsed as Soft-Tissue Plasmacytoma with IgA-k Immunophenotype: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Related Biochemical Aspects.Hematology reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Prognostic significance of extramedullary disease (EMD) detected on pre-transplantMedical journal, Armed Forces IndiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extramedullary multiple myeloma (or extramedullary disease, EMD) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM) that occurs when malignant plasma cells become independent of the bone marrow microenvironment. This may occur alongside MM diagnosis or in later stages of relapse and confers an extremely poor prognosis. In the era of novel agents and anti-myeloma therapies, the incidence of EMD is increasing, making this a more prevalent and challenging cohort of patients. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of bone marrow escape and EMD driver events is increasingly urgent. The role of genomics in MM has been studied extensively; however, much less is known about the genetic background of EMD. Recently there has been an increased focus on driver events for the establishment of distant EMD sites. Generally, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and gene signatures are associated with EMD, alongside mutations in RAS signalling pathways. More recently, changes in epigenetic regulation have also been documented, specifically the hypermethylation of DNA promoter regions. Therefore, the focus of this review is to summarize and discuss what is currently known about the genetic background of EMD in MM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.