ArticleCancers2023
Generation of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts in Humanized Mice for Evaluation of Emerging Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy Combinations for Melanoma.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Confounding Role of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Animal Models of Cancer Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Planar neural organoids as an advanced in vitro model to study patient-derived melanoma metastasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Harnessing PDX and PDX 2.0: the next-generation paradigm for precision oncology and translational breakthroughs.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- A Double-Humanized Murine Model in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Preclinical Model for Cancer Immunology Research.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Nutrition and Diet Patterns as Key Modulators of Metabolic Reprogramming in Melanoma Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- PDX models for functional precision oncology and discovery science.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Igniting Cold Tumors: Multi-Omics-Driven Strategies to Overcome Immune Evasion and Restore Immune Surveillance.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Approaches to modeling cancer metastasis: from bench to bedside.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Harnessing the potential of CD40 agonism in cancer therapy.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2024Review
- Consistency between Primary Uterine Corpus Malignancies and Their Corresponding Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Utilizing a human TLR selective ligand in a humanized immune system mouse model to investigate human TLR4 signaling.Journal of biological methods · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current methodologies for developing PDX in humanized mice in preclinical trials with immune-based therapies are limited by GVHD. Here, we compared two approaches for establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice: (1) PDX are first established in immune-deficient mice; or (2) PDX are initially established in humanized mice; then established PDX are transplanted to a larger cohort of humanized mice for preclinical trials. With the first approach, there was rapid wasting of PDX-bearing humanized mice with high levels of activated T cells in the circulation and organs, indicating immune-mediated toxicity. In contrast, with the second approach, toxicity was less of an issue and long-term human melanoma tumor growth and maintenance of human chimerism was achieved. Preclinical trials from the second approach revealed that rigosertib, but not anti-PD-1, increased CD8/CD4 T cell ratios in spleen and blood and inhibited PDX tumor growth. Resistance to anti-PD-1 was associated with PDX tumors established from tumors with limited CD8+ T cell content. Our findings suggest that it is essential to carefully manage immune editing by first establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice before expanding PDX tumors into a larger cohort of humanized mice to evaluate therapy response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.