ReviewCancers2023
Revisiting Estrogen for the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Approaches.
Review in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The double-edged sword effect of estrogen in kidney disease and its precision modulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Genetic and epigenetic contribution to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer, concepts to drive therapeutic strategies.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- In Silico Analysis Reveals MDM2 as a Potential Target of Ursolic Acid for Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Article
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Characterization of novel small molecule inhibitors of estrogen receptor-activation function 2 (ER-AF2).Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Cribriform morular thyroid carcinoma: Clinicopathological and molecular basis for both a preventive and therapeutic approach for a rare tumor (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- DREAM On, DREAM Off: A Review of the Estrogen Paradox in Luminal A Breast Cancers.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The novel estrogen receptor beta agonist EGX358 andFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is the most common subtype, representing 70-75% of all breast cancers. Several ER-targeted drugs commonly used include the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), tamoxifen (TAM), aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs). Through different mechanisms of action, all three drug classes reduce estrogen receptor signaling. Inevitably, resistance occurs, resulting in disease progression. The counterintuitive action of estrogen to inhibit ER-positive breast cancer was first observed over 80 years ago. High-dose estrogen and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were used to treat metastatic breast cancer accompanied by harsh side effects until the approval of TAM in the 1970s. After the development of TAM, randomized trials comparing TAM to estrogen found similar or slightly inferior efficacy but much better tolerability. After decades of research, it was learned that estrogen induces tumor regression only after a period of long-term estrogen deprivation, and the mechanisms of tumor regression were described. Despite the long history of breast cancer treatment with estrogen, this therapeutic modality is now revitalized due to the development of novel estrogenic compounds with improved side effect profiles, newly discovered predictive biomarkers, the development of non-estrogen small molecules and new combination therapeutic approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.