ArticleCells2023
Scaffold-Based (Matrigel™) 3D Culture Technique of Glioblastoma Recovers a Patient-like Immunosuppressive Phenotype.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Gastric Cancer Organoids: Mechanistic Insights, Drug Discovery, and Translational Advances in Precision Medicine.Journal of gastric cancer · 2026Review
- 3D HucMSCs derived extracellular vesicles enhanced therapeutic efficacy in treating intrauterine adhesions via BECN1 delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma-natural killer cell crosstalk: insights from dynamic spheroid models reveal the importance of secreted cytokines and the CD155 axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Development and Transformation of Veterinary Experimental In Vitro Models: From 2D Culture to 3D Organoids.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Biocompatibility of Hydrogels for Glomerular 3D Co-Culture: A Comparative Analysis.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Fluid-Derived Organoids from Pleural Effusion and Ascites: Emerging Models for Drug Resistance and Personalized Oncology.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Recovery of glioblastoma cells derived from patients after a decade of cryopreservation for drug response studies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Race and "omic" data in glioma: A systematic review of contemporary research to explore the digital divide.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Article
- Organoid models in oncology: advancing precision cancer therapy and vaccine development.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Integration of Organoids With CRISPR Screens: A Narrative Review.Biology of the cell · 2025Review
- Recent Developments in Glioblastoma-On-A-Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- A reference for selecting an appropriate method for generating glioblastoma organoids from the application perspective.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Surface Deformation of Biocompatible Materials: Recent Advances in Biological Applications.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles secreted by 3D tumor organoids are enriched for immune regulatory signaling biomolecules compared to conventional 2D glioblastoma cell systems.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional 2D cultures are commonly used in cancer research though they come with limitations such as the lack of microenvironment or reduced cell heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated in what respect a scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique can ameliorate the limitations of 2D cultures. NGS-based bulk and single-cell sequencing of matched pairs of 2D and 3D models showed an altered transcription of key immune regulatory genes in around 36% of 3D models, indicating the reoccurrence of an immune suppressive phenotype. Changes included the presentation of different HLA surface molecules as well as cellular stressors. We also investigated the 3D tumor organoids in a co-culture setting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Of note, lymphocyte-mediated cell killing appeared less effective in clearing 3D models than their 2D counterparts. IFN-γ release, as well as live cell staining and proliferation analysis, pointed toward an elevated resistance of 3D models. In conclusion, we found that the scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique affects the transcriptional profile in a subset of GBM models. Thus, these models allow for depicting clinically relevant aspects of tumor-immune interaction, with the potential to explore immunotherapeutic approaches in an easily accessible in vitro system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.