ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Exploratory structural equation modeling: a streamlined step by step approach using the R Project software.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Applications of causal and structural equation modeling in epidemiology: a systematic and critical review.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Pooled it
- A Factor-Analytic Approach for Psychometric Properties of the Repetitive Behaviors Questionnaire-3 (RBQ-3) for Turkish Population.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Testing of the Italian Barriers to Nursing Research Participation (I-BNPRQ).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 'Things You Do' and Mental Health in Turkish Adolescents and Adults: Validation of the Turkish Version of Things You Do Questionnaire-15 Item.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of the Emergency Department Transitions Measure.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Construct validation of HER-WELL: a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling evaluation of an eight-domain wellness scale for women.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Integrating job design and cognitive-emotional processes using latent network analysis: associations with performance and emotional well-being in navy personnel.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Translation, validation and extended factor models of the German State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS).Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating the psychometric properties of the 24-item and 12-item real relationship inventory-client forms.PloS one · 2025Article
- How Argentinian Consumers Perceive the Safety of Irradiated Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development and psychometric evaluation of the self-care of informal caregivers inventory.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Article
- Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Psychological, psychiatric, and behavioral sciences measurement scales: best practice guidelines for their development and validation.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Review
- Validation of a Latin-American Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA-LA) in Colombian and Nicaraguan adults.Journal of eating disorders · 2023Article
- Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) for Healthcare Workers: A Psychometric Evaluation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of psychometric methods for examining the factor structure of the Supportive Care Needs Survey- Short Form (SCNS-SF34) in Colombian cancer patients.International journal of psychological researchArticle
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) has been a popular yet limited approach to assessing latent factor structures. Despite items rarely loading exclusively on one latent factor in multifactorial scales, CFA assumes all indicators/items should load uniquely on their allocated latent dimensions. To address this weakness, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) combines exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and CFA procedures, allowing cross-loadings to occur when assessing hypothesized models. Although such advantages have enhanced ESEM popularity, its adoption is often limited by software rigidity and complex coding difficulties. To address these obstacles, the current tutorial presents a streamlined, step-by-step approach using the open-source software R while providing both R and Mplus ESEM syntax. The tutorial demonstrates the sequence of the ESEM stages by examining the frequently debated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) factor structure, using openly accessible data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). As ESEM may allow a better understanding of the complex associations in multidimensional scales, this tutorial may optimize the epidemiological and clinical assessment of common yet multifaceted psychiatric presentations.
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