ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2023
Differences in type 2 diabetes risk between East, South, and Southeast Asians living in Singapore: the multi-ethnic cohort.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of culture and religion on the self-management of type 2 diabetes in South Asian migrants: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- A narrative review of what cohorts have taught us and how they have laid the foundation for much of our understanding of type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Asia From 1990 to 2023: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Impact of the national steps challenge physical activity programme on obesity and type 2 diabetes prevalence in Singapore to 2050: simulation-based forecasting analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Bridging Minds and Behaviours: Patient Empowerment Mediates Psychological Factors and Diabetes Self-Management.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- The Association Between Race/Ethnicity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women Varies by BMI: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Data From 15 Cohort Studies.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Effects of a single bout of low-intensity isometric or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on postexercise hypotension in adults of African and south-Asian descent: a randomized controlled crossover trial.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Potential role of maintaining physiological testosterone levels in improving glucose metabolism among normal-weight Japanese women: a pilot exploratory study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Economic burden of asthma multimorbidity in Singapore: Shadow costs of steroid use.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Predictive Models for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Han Chinese with Insights into Cross-Population Applicability and Demographic Specific Risk Factors.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Asians Without Diabetes: Differentiating Prediabetes From Normoglycemia.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Article
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mediating effect of BMI: a comparative analysis in Chinese and Japanese populations.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of ON101 with general wound care for diabetic foot ulcers among patients with type 2 diabetes in Singapore: Analysis of a multi-ethnic country in Asia.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- The Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER-Medicare Database.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Association between triglyceride glucose weight adjusted waist index and stroke risk in different glucose metabolism status.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of Pregnancy Complications with Endometrial or Ovarian or Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Evaluating compliance with the care standard of proactively assessing bone health in patients with diabetes: a pilot audit of practice across Asia by the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO).Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionProspective data on differences in type two diabetes (T2D) risk between Asian ethnic groups are sparse. We, therefore, compared T2D risk for East (Chinese), South (Indian), and Southeast (Malay) Asians and examined biological factors that may contribute to ethnic differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe included 7427 adults of Chinese, Malay, and Indian origin participating in the Singapore multi-ethnic cohort. Information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and biological risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, C reactive protein, adiponectin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and beta-cell function) were collected using standardized interviews and physical examinations. T2D cases were based on physician diagnoses, a national medical registry, fasting plasma glucose, or glycated hemoglobin A1c. We used multivariable logistic association and mediation analyses.
resultsDuring an average follow-up of 7.2 years (SD 2.2 years), we documented 595 cases of incident diabetes. Ethnic Malays (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.56) and Indians (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.74) had an approximately twofold higher risk of T2D compared with ethnic Chinese. Higher BMI explained the higher risk for Malay compared with Chinese ethnicity. Higher BMI, waist circumference, inflammation, and insulin resistance, and lower beta-cell function and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly contributed to the higher T2D risk for Indian compared with Chinese ethnicity. However, part of the higher T2D risk associated with Indian ethnicity remained unexplained. Despite their lower diabetes risk, Chinese participants had the lowest adiponectin levels.
conclusionsDifferent Asian ethnic groups have unique biological risk factor profiles related to T2D development that may warrant targeted approaches for prevention and treatment.
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