ArticleResuscitation2023
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival when CPR is initiated by first responders.
Article in Resuscitation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methods matter: unpacking the survival impact of first responder CPR in OHCA.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Prehospital cardiac arrest resuscitation practices differ around the globe.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Sudden cardiac arrest mortality in China: temporal trends and risk factors.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
- Resuscitation Practices at Emergency Medical Service Agencies Working in Black and Hispanic Versus White Catchment Areas in the United States.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Article
- Defining the terminology of first responders alerted for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by medical dispatch centres: An international consensus study on nomenclature.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Incidence and temporal trends of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Shenzhen, China (2011-2018).Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Iso-lating optimal automated external defibrillator signage: An international survey.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Drones for Saving Life: Reimagining War Technology.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes when law enforcement arrives before emergency medical services.Resuscitation · 2024Article
- Training experience is an important factor affecting willingness for bystander CPR and awareness of AED: a survey of residents from a province in Central China in 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn most patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is initiated by first responders (non-transporting firefighters or police) or emergency medical service (EMS) personnel. Whether survival outcomes differ when CPR is initiated by first responders vs. EMS is unclear.
methodsWithin the CARES registry, we identified 162,896 adult patients with a non-traumatic OHCA in whom CPR was initiated by first responders or EMS during 2013-2021. Using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression to adjust for demographics, cardiac arrest characteristics and time to first CPR, we compared rates of survival to hospital admission and to discharge in patients with CPR initiated by first responders and EMS.
resultsCPR was initiated by first responders in 70,889 (43.5%) and by EMS in 92,007 (56.5%) patients. Time to first CPR was shorter when first responders initiated CPR (median: 8.0 [5.0-13.0] vs. 10.0 minutes [IQR: 6.0-14.0]; standardized difference 16.1%). The likelihood of survival to hospital admission was similar when CPR was initiated by first responders (27.1% [first responders] vs. 26.8% [EMS]; adjusted OR: 0.98 [0.96, 1.01], P = 0.15) whereas survival rates to discharge were higher with CPR initiated by first responders (9.4% [first responders] vs. 7.7% [EMS]; adjusted OR: 1.17 [1.02, 1.21], P < 0.001). After adjustment for time to first CPR, rates of survival to discharge were similar between the first responder and EMS groups (adjusted OR: 1.04 [1.00-1.08]; P = 0.07).
conclusionsCPR initiated by first responders for OHCA is associated with higher overall survival rates and higher survival was largely mediated by earlier response times.
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