ReviewSports (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Salivary Markers Responses in the Post-Exercise and Recovery Period: A Systematic Review.
Review in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary SIgA and anti-microbial peptide secretions: a randomized crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Acute Salivary Biomarker, Cognitive, and Tennis Performance Responses to Tennis-Specific Exercise Versus HIIT: A Randomized Crossover Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Saliva, Sweat, and Exhaled Breath as Alternative Specimens for Exercise Chemistry: Analytical Advantages, Limitations, and Comparative Progress.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Review
- The effect of mental training on muscle damage, stress, and immune response biomarkers in tennis athletes.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Temporal dissociation between endocrine and psychological responses across an official boxing bout in national-level male boxers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- An Integrated Multi-Biomarker Perspective on Acute Exercise: Differential Orexin, Alpha-Amylase, and Cortisol Responses Across Modalities.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Stress Biomarker Adaptations to Breath-Hold Training in a National-Level Swimmer: A Signal-Generating Single-Case Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Exploring Salivary Thiocyanate as a Novel Biomarker of Physical Activity Response.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Stress-Related Hormonal and Psychological Changes to Simulated and Official Judo Black Belt Examination in Older Tori and Adult Uke: An Exploratory Observational Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Professional football training and recovery: A longitudinal study on the effects of weekly conditioning session and workload variables.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of saliva to monitor immune and hormonal responses in training, competitions, and during recovery is an easy and non-invasive alternative means of collecting samples compared to serum collection. Saliva can provide insight into a number of interesting biomarkers such as cortisol, testosterone, immunoglobulins, alpha-amylase, and melatonin, among others. High-intensity and exhaustive exercises, such as training or competition, provide variations in immune, protein and hormonal markers. An adequate recovery period, calming down, and recovery methods can contribute to a fast normalization of these markers, decreasing illness, as well as the likelihood of overtraining and injuries, but their effectiveness is still inconclusive. The aim of this review was to investigate the evidence of salivary markers in post-exhaustive exercise during the recovery period. This study is a systematic review from three electronic databases with studies from 2011 to 2021 within healthy humans. The search found 213 studies, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, while excluding duplicated studies, 14 studies were included in this review. The most cited salivary markers were cortisol and testosterone, as well as their ratio, alpha-amylase and IgA. Half of the studies applied a variety of recovery methods that showed controversial results over salivary markers' impact. However, they showed an impact on the markers from the exercise, which was still dependent on exercise intensity, methodology, and duration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.