ReviewJournal of functional biomaterials2023
4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions.
Review in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Printing to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance Through Nano/Microstructured Platforms.Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Engineering heterogeneous tissues and organs via multi-material bioprinting: Advances, challenges, and opportunities.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Exploring the role of 4D printing materials, techniques, and characteristics for personalized oncology.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Advances in Intranasal CNS Targeting: Integrating Formulations, Devices, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and 3D Printing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Wearable Delivery Systems for Cosmeceutical Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review of Progress of AI in Biomimetics: From Biological Patterns to Closed-Loop Discovery.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Smart Hydrogel Design to 4D-Printed Scaffolds: Emerging Paradigms in Precision Drug Delivery and Regenerative Wound Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unconventional bioprinting modalities for advanced tissue biofabrication.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting: Materials, Processes, and Emerging Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Design and Application of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for 4D Printing: A Review of Adaptive Materials in Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 4D Printing in Regenerative Medicine: Bio-Inspired Applications for Dynamic Tissue Repair.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Rational Design and Functionalization of Melt Electrowritten 4D Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Next-generation craniomaxillofacial implants for reconstructive surgery: balancing biomechanics, biocompatibility, and bioactivity.International journal of oral science · 2026Review
- Exploring 4D Printing Technology for Biomedical Applications.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Construction of a predictive early warning model based on machine learning neural network for prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Advancing transdermal drug delivery through 4D bioprinting and dynamic skin modelling.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Advancements and applications of gelatin-based scaffolds in dental engineering: a narrative review.Odontology · 2026Review
- Four-dimensional-printed personalized shape memory NiTi implant for minimally invasive delivery in cavitary bone defect reconstruction.Biomaterials translational · 2026Article
- The cutting-edge advancements in biomaterials under the guidance of intelligence and bionics.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
4D printing has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of biomedical engineering, offering the potential for dynamic, stimuli-responsive structures with applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, medical devices, and diagnostics. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements, challenges, and future directions of 4D printing in biomedical engineering. We discuss the development of smart materials, including stimuli-responsive polymers, shape-memory materials, and bio-inks, as well as the various fabrication techniques employed, such as direct-write assembly, stereolithography, and multi-material jetting. Despite the promising advances, several challenges persist, including material limitations related to biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and degradation rates; fabrication complexities arising from the integration of multiple materials, resolution and accuracy, and scalability; and regulatory and ethical considerations surrounding safety and efficacy. As we explore the future directions for 4D printing, we emphasise the need for material innovations, fabrication advancements, and emerging applications such as personalised medicine, nanomedicine, and bioelectronic devices. Interdisciplinary research and collaboration between material science, biology, engineering, regulatory agencies, and industry are essential for overcoming challenges and realising the full potential of 4D printing in the biomedical engineering landscape.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.