ArticleEuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology2023
Histological examination of renal nerve distribution, density, and function in humans.
Article in EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Catheter-Based Renal Denervation in Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2024Pooled it
- Periarterial nerves along the human hepatic artery: anatomical determinants for cardiometabolic neuromodulation.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Catheter-Based Renal Denervation in Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension: Evidence, Guidelines, Special Populations and Clinical Implementation.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Sympathetic Overactivity: Translational Rationale for Combined Hepatic-Renal Denervation.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Zero-Contrast Percutaneous Renal Denervation Guided by Multimodal Image Fusion.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of a "main renal artery + branches" ablation strategy for catheter-based circumferential ultrasonic renal denervation.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Overcoming variable response in renal denervation: Key strategies for reliable clinical implementation.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- Circumferential Ultrasonic Renal Denervation Targeting Main Renal Arteries and Branches: A First-in-Human Study.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Autonomic control of the vasculature in CKD: leveraging renal denervation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Renal Denervation in Asia: 2025 Asia Renal Denervation Consortium (ARDeC) Consensus Statement Endorsed by the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Renal denervation for hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Combined percutaneous renal artery denervation and angioplasty: still too early to consider them complementary?Journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Resistant hypertension treated with laparoscopic-assisted renal denervation in a patient with end-stage renal disease: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2025Article
- Renal denervation is effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with CKD.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Cryo Renal Denervation System.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2025Article
- Renal nerves in physiology, pathophysiology and interoception.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Human nerve distribution and density around the carotid artery bifurcation.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Article
- Navigating the heart - insights into human coronary artery innervation.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Characterisation and distribution of human coronary artery innervation.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Renal denervation in the management of hypertension.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRenal denervation is optimised when guided by knowledge of nerve distribution.
aimsWe aimed to assess sympathetic nerve distribution along the renal arteries, especially in post-bifurcation vessel segments.
methodsRenal arteries and surrounding tissue from 10 body donors were collected and examined histologically. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyse nerve distribution and to identify afferent and efferent sympathetic nerves.
resultsA total of 6,781 nerves surrounding 18 renal arteries were evaluated. The mean lumen-nerve distance of the left renal artery (2.32±1.95 mm) was slightly greater than the right (2.29±2.03 mm; p=0.161); this varied across the arteries' courses: 3.7±2.3 mm in proximal segments, 2.5±2.0 mm in middle segments, 1.9±1.6 mm in distal prebifurcation segments and 1.3±1.0 mm in post-bifurcation segments (p<0.001). The number of nerves per quadrant was highest in the proximal segments (13.7±18.6), followed by the middle (9.7±7.9), distal prebifurcation (8.0±7.6), and distal post-bifurcation (4.3±4.0) segments (p<0.001). Circumferentially, the number of nerves was highest in the superior (7.8±9.4) and the ventral (7.6±13.1) quadrants (p=0.638). The mean tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ratio increased from proximal (37.5±33.5) to distal (72.0±7.2 in the post-bifurcation segments; p<0.001). Thirty-eight neuroganglia were identified along 14 (78%) renal arteries.
conclusionsNerves converge to the renal arteries' lumen in the distal segments and along branches, resulting in the lowest number of nerves per quadrant and the shortest lumen-nerve distance in the distal post-bifurcation segments. Efferent nerves occur predominantly, and the ratio of efferent to afferent nerves continues to increase in the vessels' course.
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