ArticleBMC public health2023
The impact of fast food marketing on brand preferences and fast food intake of youth aged 10-17 across six countries.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of brand advertising on children's food preferences and behavioural intentions: an experimental study.Public health nutrition · 2025Trial
- Obesogenic dietary behaviours and work environment among primary healthcare workers in Limpopo Province: A cross-sectional analysis.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- The association between exposure to food marketing and dietary intake among youth in six countries.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Restaurant marketing to kids in Canada: associations with restaurant consumption and appealing restaurant advertisement features in a nationally representative sample of Canadian young people aged 9-17 years.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of Fast Food Consumption on Obesity and Overweight among Individuals Aged Ten Years and Above: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Youth exposure to unhealthy digital food marketing in relation to race/ethnicity and income adequacy in Canada.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Public support for unhealthy food marketing policies in Australia: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study 2022.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2025Article
- Examining differences in exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods reported by Canadian children and adolescents in two policy environments.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Salt and Nutritional Content of Foods Advertised During Televised Professional Football Games.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Food Marketing and Media Use among Canadian Teenagers: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsumption of fast food, which is associated with poor diet, weight gain and the development of noncommunicable diseases, is high amongst youth. Fast food marketing, a modifiable determinant of excess weight and obesity, affects youth's food-related behaviours. This study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to fast food marketing and the fast food brand preferences and intake amongst youth aged 10-17 across six countries.
methodsData from 9,695 youth respondents living in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) were analyzed from the 2019 International Food Policy Study (IFPS) Youth Survey. Survey measures assessed exposure to fast food marketing and brand-specific marketing, and preference for these brands and fast food intake. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, income adequacy and ethnicity were used to examine the associations.
resultsExposure to fast food marketing was positively associated with brand preferences and intake consistently across most countries. Overall, preference for McDonald's (OR:1.97; 95% CI:1.52, 2.56), KFC (OR:1.61; 95% CI:1.24, 2.09) and Subway (OR:1.73; 95% CI:1.34, 2.24) were highest when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never. Preference for McDonald's (OR:2.32; 95% CI:1.92, 2.79), KFC (OR:2.28; 95% CI:1.95, 2.68) and Subway (OR:2.75; 95% CI:2.32, 3.27) were also higher when exposed to marketing for each brand compared to not. Fast food intake was highest in Chile (IRR:1.90; 95% CI:1.45, 2.48), the UK (IRR:1.40; 95% CI:1.20, 1.63), Canada (IRR:1.32; 95% CI:1.19, 1.48), Mexico (IRR:1.26; 95% CI:1.05, 1.53) and the US (IRR:1.21; 95% CI:1.05, 1.41) when exposed to general fast food marketing ≥ 2x/week compared to never and was higher across most countries when exposed to brand-specific marketing compared to not. Respondents classified as ethnic minorities were more likely to report consuming fast food than ethnic majorities, and females were less likely to report consuming fast food than males.
conclusionsExposure to fast food marketing is consistently and positively associated with brand preferences and fast food intake in all six countries. Our results highlight the need for strict government regulation to reduce exposure of unhealthy food marketing to youth in all six countries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.