ArticleBMJ open2023
Associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under five children in Africa: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and epidemiological distribution of indicators of pathogenic bacteria in households drinking water in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children in Africa (2013-2023): a comprehensive systematic review highlighting geographic variances, socioeconomic influences, and environmental factors.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Regional disparities and predictors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia: a multilevel logistic regression analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of food safety practices among Ethiopian households: a multilevel mixed effects linear regression analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Animals in child sleeping spaces and unimproved sanitation associated with diarrhea among young children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: WASHmobile PICHA7 prospective cohort study.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Access to Basic Sanitation Services and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in South Achefer District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Article
- Access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices and their associations with waterborne diseases and malnutrition in Ibrahim Kodbuur District, Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of ARI, fever, and diarrhea among under-five children and the influencing factors in southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Parasite contamination of soil in different Peruvian locations and outside built environments.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- A study onJournal of water and health · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Diarrhea Disease and Associated Factors Among Children Under 5 Years in Geshiyaro Project Implementation Sites in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Links between household food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months: a case study in Burkina Faso.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Solar stills: A review for water scarcity solutions.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Open Defecation Practice and Associated Factors Among Households in Geshiyaro Project Implementation Sites in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia.
designA community-based cross-sectional study.
settingBishoftu town, Ethiopia, January-February 2022.
participantsA total of 1807 mothers with at least one child under 5 years were included. Sociodemographic and WASH variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. 378 drinking water samples were collected. OUTCOME: The response variable was diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years.
resultsThe 2-week prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years was 14.8%. Illiteracy (adjusted OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.54 to 6.47), occupation (0.35; 0.20 to 0.62), mother's age (1.63; 1.15 to 2.31), family size (2.38; 1.68 to 3.39), wealth index (5.91; 3.01 to 11.59), residence type (1.98; 1.35 to 2.90), sex of the child (1.62; 1.17 to 2.24), child's age (3.52; 2.51 to 4.93), breastfeeding status (2.83; 1.74 to 4.59), food storage practice (3.49; 1.74 to 8.26), unimproved drinking water source (8.16; 1.69 to 39.46), limited drinking water service (4.68; 1.47 to 14.95), open defecation practice (5.17; 1.95 to 13.70), unimproved sanitation service (2.74; 1.60 to 4.67), limited sanitation service (1.71; 1.10 to 2.65), no hygiene service (3.43; 1.91 to 6.16) and limited hygiene service (2.13; 1.17 to 3.86) were significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease.
conclusionIn this study, diarrhoea among children is a significant health issue. Child's age, drinking water service, residence type and hygiene service were the largest contributors with respect to the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease. This investigation provides information that could help to inform interventions to reduce childhood diarrhoea. The findings suggest that state authorities should initiate robust WASH strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 agenda.
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