ArticleBMJ mental health2023
Prescription amphetamines in people with opioid use disorder and co-occurring psychostimulant use disorder initiating buprenorphine: an analysis of treatment retention and overdose risk.
Article in BMJ mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical outcomes associated with drug-drug interactions involving buprenorphine: a systematic review.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Pooled it
- Psychostimulant Continuation and Postpartum Mental Health in Pregnant People With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Commentary on Ezard et al.: Agonist-based medications for stimulant use disorder-Distinguishing their true colours.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Association between prescribed stimulant medications and overdose among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy: A retrospective cohort study from British Columbia, Canada.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Impact of recent stimulant use on treatment outcomes amongst individuals initiating medications for opioid use disorders: Secondary analysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Opioid and stimulant co-prescribing does not equate to a co-epidemic.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Interpreting trends of opioid and stimulant co-prescribing in the United States: the need for attention to evidence-based prescribing practice in the context of co-occurring mental and or substance use disorders.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Misuse, Abuse and Medication Errors' Adverse Events Associated with Opioids-A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prescription psychostimulant use, admissions and treatment initiation and retention in pregnant people with opioid use disorder.Nature. Mental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently diagnosed in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), including opioids. There remains concern about the safety and efficacy of prescription amphetamines (PAs) and their impact on effectiveness of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment with buprenorphine.
objectivesTo assess the effect of PAs on OUD buprenorphine treatment retention and/or SUD-related emergency admission or drug-related poisonings.
methodsWe used a retrospective cohort design with a secondary analysis of data from Merative MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016. Individuals included were aged 12-64 years, had an OUD diagnosis and were prescribed buprenorphine. Our analysis used multivariable Cox regression to evaluate the relationship between PA receipt and time to buprenorphine discontinuation. The second part focused on subsamples of buprenorphine initiators who had either (1) any SUD-related emergency admissions or (2) drug-related poisoning. These outcomes were modelled as a function of PA exposure using conditional logistic regression models as part of a within-person, case-crossover design.
findingsOur sample had 90 269 patients with OUD (mean age 34.2 years (SD=11.3)) who initiated buprenorphine. Being prescribed a PA was associated with improved buprenorphine retention among individuals both with (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.97)) and without a concurrent psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD) (aHR 0.92 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.93)).
conclusionsPA use was associated with improved buprenorphine retention in people with OUD with and without co-occurring PSUD. The risks of acute SUD-related events and drug-related poisonings associated with PA use did not differ when comparing PA-using days with days without PA use. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Patients with OUD on buprenorphine should receive treatment with a PA when indicated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.