ArticleMedicine2023
Treatment of crow's feet lines and forehead lines with Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA): Development, insights, and impact.
Article in Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- NivobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines Alone and With Concurrent Treatment of Glabellar Lines.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and Durability of the Association of Botox and Skinvive in the Treatment of Moderate/Severe Wrinkles in the Periorbital Region: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Split-Face Clinical Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- NivobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Glabellar Lines With or Without Concurrent Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines in Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Trial
- Combined Use of Botulinum Toxin A and Profhilo for Upper Face Rejuvenation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Improved Periorbital Satisfaction After Combined Mid and Upper Facial Treatment With Hyaluronic Acid Fillers and OnabotulinumtoxinA: Effectiveness and Safety Results From a Post-Marketing Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Continuous Improvement of Frontal Rhytids Following Glabella Only Treatments With Neuromodulators-A Clinical Prospective Pilot Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Helium-Based Plasma Radio Frequency Technology for Subdermal Coagulation in the Forehead: A Preliminary, Single-Center Retrospective Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Photonumeric Scales for Glabellar, Lateral Canthal, and Forehead Lines.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- "Folding Fan Flap": A Novel and Dependable Surgical Technique for Crow's Feet Correction by Z-Plasty of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin: Surely, We Can Do Better? Optimizing Results Beyond On-Label Techniques and Teaching.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Review
- The efficacy and safety of neubotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead horizontal lines in Asians - A clinical, prospective, interventional, split-face study.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- The Telltale Botox: Botulinum Toxin Injection by an Expert Hand as an Intracranial Aneurysm Detector.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extrinsic and age-related intrinsic factors contribute to the development of facial lines, including lateral canthal lines (called crow's feet lines [CFL]) and horizontal forehead lines (FHL). OnabotulinumtoxinA is a highly effective treatment for facial lines that inhibits acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. This temporary chemical denervation leads to localized muscle relaxation and subsequent wrinkle reduction. Early studies of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for facial neuronal disorders such as dystonia documented improvements in FHL and CFL. After the neurotoxin was approved for treating frown lines (glabellar lines [GL]), individuals requested treatment for other rhytids, and physicians continued assessing use in new areas. Once onabotulinumtoxinA was in clinical trial development, its efficacy and safety for CFL and FHL were successively evaluated as required by the US Food and Drug Administration and by key global health authorities, including those in the European Union, Japan, and China. Allergan, collaborating with leading physicians, established clinical programs that included novel safety and efficacy measures to meet regulatory requirements. Global, phase 3, randomized, controlled studies of CFL and FHL met rigorous primary endpoints. Some countries mandated clinical trial data beyond US and European regulations, and Allergan conducted 11 studies in total, fulfilling diverse regulatory and study population data requirements. Adverse events associated with local spread, including brow and eyelid ptosis, diplopia, headache, and eyelid sensory disorder, were infrequent and well tolerated. Consequently, onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of upper facial lines is now established globally as a highly effective, minimally invasive treatment for patients to achieve a natural appearance and look younger.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.