Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37498788›Full record

ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023

Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods - United States, 2016-2018.

Katelyn V Chiang, Heather C Hamner, Ruowei Li, Cria G Perrine

Abstract readCorrected and Republished Article
In one paragraph

Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Genomic perspectives on foodborne illness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Genomic perspectives on foodborne illness.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Katelyn V Chiang
Heather C Hamner
Ruowei Li
Cria G Perrine

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends introducing complementary foods (i.e., any solid or liquid other than breast milk or infant formula) to infants at approximately age 6 months (1). Although a consensus on ideal timing is lacking, most experts agree that introduction of complementary foods before age 4 months is too early because of infant gastrointestinal and motor immaturity (1,2). In addition, early introduction prevents exclusively breastfed infants from reaching the recommended 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (1) and might be associated with increased risk for overweight and obesity (3). Nationally representative data on complementary feeding are limited; state-level estimates have been previously unavailable. CDC analyzed 2016-2018 data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (N = 23,743) to describe timing of complementary feeding introduction and prevalence of early introduction of complementary foods before age 4 months (early introduction) among children aged 1-5 years. Prevalence of early introduction was 15.6% nationally and varied geographically and across sociodemographic and infant feeding characteristics. These estimates suggest that approximately one in six infants are introduced to complementary foods before they are developmentally ready. Efforts by health care providers and others who might influence infant feeding practices could help decrease the number of infants who are introduced to complementary foods too early.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingInfant FoodChildFemaleHumansInfantInfant FormulaInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMilk, HumanObesityUnited States

Identifiers

PMID37498788
PMCPMC13183349

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC0
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.