ArticleInternational ophthalmology2023
Development and progression of myopia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban area in Turkey.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of myopia progression in different educational models.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Incidence of eye problems in children aged 3-6 years during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Excessive Digital Screen use on Refractive Error Progression Over 1 Year Among Schoolchildren in Northwest Algeria.Beyoglu eye journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the relationship between digital screen time and the development and progression of myopia during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
methodsChildren aged 7-18 years who had regular refractive measurement follow-ups before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their initial refractive status, emmetropic and myopic. The relationship between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) changes and digital screen time before and after the pandemic was analyzed.
resultsA total of 255 children were included in the study. During the pandemic in the emmetropic group, digital screen time increased by 5.98 ± 2.13 h/day, and the mean SER decreased from - 0.02 to - 0.55 D (p < 0.001). During the pandemic in the myopic group, the digital screen time increased by 6.25 ± 2.36 h, and the mean SER decreased from - 1.82 to - 2.72 D (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the increase in digital screen time and the change in SER in the emmetropic and myopic groups (r = - 0.261, p = 0.015, r = - 0.269, p = 0.001, respectively).
conclusionIncreased digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a myopic shift in emmetropic children and myopic progression in myopic children. As a result of COVID-19, increasing cases of myopia should be addressed as a public health concern.
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