Trial reportDigestive diseases and sciences2023
CAREGIVER Randomized Trial of Two Mindfulness Methods to Improve the Burden and Distress of Caring for Persons with Cirrhosis.
Trial report in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04205396 (CAREGIVER), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CAREGIVER: An Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) to Improve the Burden and Distress of Caring for Persons With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- EASL position paper on palliative care in advanced chronic liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Guideline
- The RELAX randomized controlled trial: Stretching versus meditation for nocturnal muscle cramps.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2024Trial
- Longitudinal changes in physical and psychological outcomes in spousal vs. non-spousal caregivers for patients with end-stage liver disease.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatient caregivers experience burden and distress that negatively impacts health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Mindfulness may alleviate caregiver burden but randomized trials of mindfulness activities on caregiver burden and distress are lacking.
methodsCaregivers for patients with advanced liver disease were recruited from the Universities of Michigan and Pennsylvania (12/2019-12/2021) and followed for 8 weeks. Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to: written emotional disclosure for 4 weeks, resilience training for 4 weeks, or control (no active intervention). All completed assessments at baseline, week 4 and 8. The primary outcome was change in the Zarit Caregiver Burden Index-12 (ZBI) at week 8. Secondary outcomes included changes at week 4 and 8 in the ZBI, distress thermometer (DT), HRQOL visual analog scale (VAS), and caregiver captivity index (CCI).
resultsEighty seven caregivers were enrolled, 59(72%) completed the study. In unadjusted analyses at week 4, the burden measured by ZBI was not significantly different between arms, increasing by 0.6 ± 5.7 and 2.5 ± 5.2 points, for the written emotional disclosure and resilience training study arms, respectively, and by 2.9 ± 6.1 points in the control arm. At week 8, the non-significant ZBI change was - 1.0 ± 8.9, 2.8 ± 6.1, and 1.5 ± 7.4 for written emotional disclosure, resilience training, at week 8, respectively. The DT and VAS worsened in all arms, however, it worsened the least in the written emotional disclosure arm. In analyses adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics, the ZBI declined by - 4.21 ± 2.03(p = 0.04) in the emotional disclosure arm at week 4. This decrease was attenuated week 8, - 1.13 ± 2.6(p = 0.67). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes save for resilience training reducing the CCI at week 4 by 1.36 ± 0.67(p = 0.04).
conclusionWritten emotional disclosure may reduce caregiver burden in the short term among caregivers for patients with cirrhosis. REGISTRATION: NCT04205396.
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