ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2023
Mechanical force regulates Sox9 expression at the developing enthesis.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA Polymerase III subunit Polr3a is required for craniofacial cartilage and bone development in zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Analysis of cranial tenocyte heterogeneity reveals a role for Wnt signaling in tendon attachments.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Sox8 is essential for vertebrate gastrulation.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Leveraging mechanobiology: Identifying mechanotransducers with potential applications for tendon repair.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Nkx2.7 is a conserved regulator of craniofacial development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Autophagy modulates tenogenic differentiation of cartilage-derived stem cells in response to mechanical tension via FGF signaling.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Article
- Variants in the SOX9 transactivation middle domain induce axial skeleton dysplasia and scoliosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mature murine supraspinatus tendons demonstrate regional differences in multiscale structure, function and gene expression.PloS one · 2025Article
- Spatial patterning of energy metabolism during tissue morphogenesis.Current opinion in cell biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Entheses transmit force from tendons and ligaments to the skeleton. Regional organization of enthesis extracellular matrix (ECM) generates differences in stiffness required for force transmission. Two key transcription factors co-expressed in entheseal tenocytes, scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9, directly control production of enthesis ECM components. Formation of embryonic craniofacial entheses in zebrafish coincides with onset of jaw movements, possibly in response to the force of muscle contraction. We show dynamic changes in scxa and sox9a mRNA levels in subsets of entheseal tenocytes that correlate with their roles in force transmission. We also show that transcription of a direct target of Scxa, Col1a, in enthesis ECM is regulated by the ratio of scxa to sox9a expression. Eliminating muscle contraction by paralyzing embryos during early stages of musculoskeletal differentiation alters relative levels of scxa and sox9a in entheses, primarily owing to increased sox9a expression. Force-dependent TGF-β (TGFβ) signaling is required to maintain this balance of scxa and sox9a expression. Thus, force from muscle contraction helps establish a balance of transcription factor expression that controls specialized ECM organization at the tendon enthesis and its ability to transmit force.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.