ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization identifies multiple immune cell surface markers as potential causal contributors and drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced thyroid dysfunction improves the prognosis of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in Cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Distinct autoantibody profiles across checkpoint inhibitor types and toxicities.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Review
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Autosomal recessive human CTLA-4 deficiency with autoimmune infiltration.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells in Promoting Immune Tolerance in Solid Organ Transplantation:Saudi medical journal · 2026Review
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Inflammatory Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Genetic Variations inGenes · 2026Article
- Deciphering the role of SNP variants of co-stimulatory genes in systemic lupus erythematosus: from genotype to protein expression.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Precision Immunoregulation in transplantation: The rise of engineered Treg therapies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity after XBB.1.5 vaccination is not significantly altered by subsequent influenza vaccination in dialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- CTLA-4: a promising immunosuppressive immune checkpoint in prostate cancer therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: The antibodies, TriKEs, and CARs on the arduous road to cure.Blood reviews · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4): Between immune tolerance and genetic predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Systemic Disease Associations of Oral Lichenoid Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Oral diseases · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and organs. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is majorly expressed in activated T cells and works as a critical regulator in the inflammatory response. In this review, we first describe the structure, expression, and how the signaling pathways of CTLA-4 participate in reducing effector T-cell activity and enhancing the immunomodulatory ability of regulatory T (Treg) cells to reduce immune response, maintain immune homeostasis, and maintain autoimmune silence. We then focused on the correlation between CTLA-4 and different ADs and how this molecule regulates the immune activity of the diseases and inhibits the onset, progression, and pathology of various ADs. Finally, we summarized the current progress of CTLA-4 as a therapeutic target for various ADs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.