SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2023
Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse outcomes for autistic people: an umbrella review of mental health, physical health, social and lifestyle domains.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Influential articles in autism and gut microbiota: bibliometric profile and research trends.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Binocular Vision Anomalies: An Update on Prevalence, Impact, Technological and Treatment Developments and Current Challenges.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Ophthalmic Disease Burden in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Parcellation of functional subregions using an improved affinity propagation clustering algorithm based on structure-function coupling.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ceruloplasmin deficiency drives a fusiform-centric lipid-myelin pathology underlying a visual subtype in autism.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Visual function and autism spectrum disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Brain-body interactions in systemic diseases: a survey from an imaging perspective.MedScience · 2026Review
- Callous-Unemotional Traits and Their Association with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Insights from Gaze Behaviour During Emotion Recognition.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role and Impact of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Development and psychometric validation of a novel, self-report visual processing questionnaire (ViPro-SR) for neurodivergent adults.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Understanding eye care access for autistic adults and families: A convergent mixed-methods study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Development and Impact of a Communication Module on Eye Examination Testability Among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Strabismus in Genetic Syndromes: A Review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Can optic nerve morphology in children with autism spectrum disorder be associated with atypical visual-sensory behaviors?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Retinal biomarkers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: evidence and implications for the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Colour vision defects in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2024Review
- Development of Deep Ensembles to Screen for Autism and Symptom Severity Using Retinal Photographs.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing whether vision and/or eye disorders are associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
methodBased on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022328485), we searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge/Science, Ovid Medline, Embase and APA PsycINFO up to 5
resultsWe included 49 studies in the narrative synthesis and 46 studies in the meta-analyses (15,629,159 individuals distributed across multiple different measures). We found meta-analytic evidence of increased prevalence of strabismus (OR = 4.72 [95% CI: 4.60, 4.85]) in people with versus those without ASD (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 1.0545, p = 0.7881). We also found evidence of increased accommodation deficits (Hedge's g = 0.68 [CI: 0.28, 1.08]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 6.9331, p = 0.0741), reduced peripheral vision (-0.82 [CI: -1.32, -0.33]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 4.8075, p = 0.4398), reduced stereoacuity (0.73 [CI: -1.14, -0.31]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 0.8974, p = 0.3435), increased color discrimination difficulties (0.69 [CI: 0.27,1.10]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 9.9928, p = 0.1890), reduced contrast sensitivity (0.45 [CI: -0.60, -0.30]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 9.9928, p = 0.1890) and increased retinal thickness (=0.29 [CI: 0.07, 0.51]) (non-significant heterogeneity: Q = 0.8113, p = 0.9918) in ASD. DISCUSSION: ASD is associated with some self-reported and objectively measured functional vision problems, and structural alterations of the eye, even though we observed several methodological limitations in the individual studies included in our meta-analyses. Further research should clarify the causal relationship, if any, between ASD and problems of vision during early life. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022328485.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.