ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2023
Foveal avascular zone size and mfERG metrics in diabetes and prediabetes: a pilot study of the relationship between structure and function.
Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in foveal avascular zone parameters in individuals with prediabetes compared to normoglycemic controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Multimodal Retinal Structural and Functional Tests Identify Local and Layer-Related Alterations in Early Type 2 Diabetes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Alterations in Tear Proteomes of Adults with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Without Diabetic Retinopathy.Proteomes · 2025Article
- Advances in Structural and Functional Retinal Imaging and Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePrevious studies have demonstrated functional and structural retinal changes in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, less is understood in prediabetes, which is an important precursor to T2DM. Here, we evaluate the microvasculature structure of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and how it is correlated with retinal function as measured by the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) across levels of glucose dysfunction to uncover how T2DM and prediabetes alter this structure-function relationship.
methods33 subjects were included: 9 controls, 12 prediabetes, 12 T2DM with no retinopathy or edema. Subjects were aged 30-70 years, had BCVA of 20/25 or better, and had no confounding ocular conditions. Blood was collected via fingerstick to determine Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which was used along with previous diagnosis, to determine study grouping. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to analyze the FAZ area and was corrected for refractive error. FAZ area was measured by hand using the Heidelberg Spectralis software. mfERG (VERIS 6.3) metrics implicit time (IT) and amplitude were evaluated in the foveal region, macular region, and averaged over the posterior pole of the right eye. Regression analysis was performed between each study group parameter to determine relationships, and t tests with corrections were used to compare groups.
resultsFAZ area (superficial plexus) was negatively correlated with mfERG posterior pole amplitude (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.30), foveal amp (p = 0.02 R2 = 0.17) and macular amplitude (p = 0.02 R2 = 0.18) across all 33 study subjects. FAZ and mfERG metrics were not significantly different between study groups in this cohort except for IT, which was more delayed in the diabetes group compared to other groups.
conclusionFAZ area is correlated with mfERG amplitudes but not IT. This suggests a link between the structural metrics and retinal function. Longitudinal follow-up work would be helpful to determine the timing of these changes in prediabetes.
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