ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2023
Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography metrics of retinal ischaemic perivascular lesions in patients being evaluated for carotid artery stenosis and controls.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Quantitative ophthalmic posterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography and neurologic conditions: a review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Retinal ischemic perivascular lesions in cortical cerebral infarction: a comparison against controls.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Association between coronary artery calcium scores and retinal ischemic perivascular lesions.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions Are Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Use of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLS) as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Review
- Retinal ischemic perivascular lesion "a subclinical ischemic sign" in the fellow eye of patients with retinal vein occlusion.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Retinal Imaging as a Window into Cardiovascular Health: Towards Harnessing Retinal Analytics for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions (RIPLs) as Potential Biomarkers for Systemic Vascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions: An Exploratory Study of Their Potential as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The eye as a window to CVD: case series and literature review of retinal ischaemic perivascular lesion (RIPL).The British journal of cardiology · 2025Article
- Optical coherence tomography angiography in cardiovascular disease.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsRetinal microvascular ischaemia may produce localised middle retinal disruption with corresponding scotoma, a phenomenon termed paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). Small chronic middle retinal atrophic lesions termed retinal ischaemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) appear qualitatively similar to PAMM lesions and have recently been hypothesised to result specifically from PAMM. However, no studies have quantitatively demonstrated an ischaemic origin of RIPLs. We quantitatively investigated the pathophysiology of RIPLs and their relationship with PAMM with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).
methodsA total of 14 controls and 25 patients being evaluated for carotid artery stenosis (CAS) were enrolled. SS-OCTA imaging of each eye was taken. Projection-resolved en face 6 mm × 6 mm superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) images were quantitatively analysed with two algorithms for changes in vessel linear density (VLD) and vessel tortuosity (VT) at RIPLs relative to both the immediately surrounding macula and the entire macula, as well as between eyes with RIPLs and eyes without RIPLs.
resultsAll controls and 22 of 25 CAS patients were included in the analysis. RIPLs demonstrated a localised decrease in DCP VLD in CAS patients and controls. RIPLs tended to show a localised decrease in SCP VLD in CAS patients but a localised increase in controls. No changes in VT were found. Eyes with RIPLs had VLD and VT similar to their RIPL-free fellow eyes.
conclusionRIPLs are associated with quantifiable local, but not global, ischaemia, supporting the idea of shared pathophysiology with classic PAMM lesions along a continuum of ischaemia severity.
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