Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37493177›Full record

Observational studyAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024

Sex and gender differences in risk scores for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among cisgender, transgender, and non-binary adults.

Brooke Brady, Lidan Zheng, Scherazad Kootar, Kaarin Jane Anstey

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
14.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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  12. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brooke BradySchool of Psychology, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6084-5027
Lidan ZhengSchool of Psychology, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Scherazad KootarNeuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
Kaarin Jane AnsteySchool of Psychology, The University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
UNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

Australian Research Council - Centre for Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchAustralian Research Council (Laureate Fellowship) FL190100011NHMRC Grant GNT1171279
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFew studies have explored dementia risk according to sex and gender including for transgender and non-binary adults. This study evaluated dementia risk factors and risk scores among cisgender, transgender, and non-binary adults.

methodsObservational data were drawn from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. A matched-cohort approach was used to develop sex (male, female) and gender identity cohorts (cisgender men, cisgender women, transgender men, transgender women, and non-binary adults) for comparison. Dementia risk scores were calculated using established mid-life and late-life risk score algorithms.

resultsMales had higher overall mid-life dementia risk, and lower late-life Alzheimer's disease risk compared to females. Transgender men, transgender women, and non-binary adults had higher overall late-life risk compared to both cisgender men and women. DISCUSSION: Future research is needed to build the evidence base for specific risk factors that may be contributing to higher overall risk among understudied and underserved gender groups. HIGHLIGHTS: Using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this matched-cohort study found that those assigned female at birth had lower overall mid-life dementia risk and higher overall late-life Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk compared to those assigned male at birth. Transgender men, transgender women, and non-binary adults all showed higher overall late-life AD risk compared to cisgender men and cisgender women. Between-group differences were found in the incidence of specific risk and protective factors for dementia and AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseTransgender PersonsAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleGender IdentityHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSex FactorsAlzheimer's disease riskdementia riskgendersexsex and gender differences

Identifiers

PMID37493177
PMCPMC10916956
OpenAlexW4385264491

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.